越南港口效率与竞争力体系的分析.docx

本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：AnAna1ySiSOfthnEffieiCnCyandCOmPVtitiVenCSSOfVietnameSePOrtSyStem出处DCPartmentOfMaritimeBUSineSS作者：Vir1h3ThaiandDeVinderGWVVH原文：AnAna1ysisoftheefficiencyandCompetitivenessofVietnamesePortSystembyVinhVanThaiandDevinderGrewa1ABSTRACTPorts,asoneoftheimportant1inksbetweendifferentmodesoftransportwithinthe1ogisticschain,havespecia1essencesincetheirefficiencyandcompetitivenesswi11certain1yhaveanimpactonthechain,andhencethenationa1andregiona1economy.Vietnam,asadeve1opingcountrygradua11yintegratingintotheregiona1andg1oba1economy,isrationa1izingitseconomicsectors,inc1udingtransportation.Inthisenvironment,portsp1ayavita1ro1eforthepurposeofachievingcomparativeadvantagesintheinternationa1market.However,theVietnameseportsystemisburdenedwithoutdatedworkpractices,1owefficiencyandpoorcompetitivenesscomparedtootherportsintheregion.Thispaperidentifiessomeoftheprob1emsintheVietnameseportsystemandproposesstrategiestoaddressthem.Keywords:Vietnam,port,efficiency,competitiveness,ana1ysisINTRODUCTIONThepaperisorganizedinfourmainsections.Thefirstpartsetsthegenera1backgroundandoverviewonportgeographyinVietnam.ThesecondsectionaddressestheissuesofefficiencyandcompetitivenessoftheVietnameseportsystem.Thethirdpartproposessomedeve1opmentstrategiesbasedonpreviousdiscussions,fo11owedbythe1astsectionthatsumsupthepaper.Genera1backgroundVietnamis1ocatedintheIndochinapeninsu1ainSouthEastAsiaandsharestheborderswithChinaintheNorth,1aosandCambodiaintheWestandhasherEastcoastfacingtheSouthChinaSea.Thecountryissituatedwithinthetropica1zoneandhasatropica1monsoonc1imate.AsVietnamisanarrowand1ongcountrystretchingfromthesouthofChinadowntotheGu1fofThai1and,theseasonsa1sovaryfromthenorthtothesouthofthecountry.Inthenorth,therearevisib1yfourseasons;however,thesouthernpartofthecountryexperienceson1ytwoseasonsa11yearround,name1ythetropica1dryandthetropica1wet.Asfarastida1regimesareconcerned,portsinthenorthseemain1ythediurna1tida1regimewhi1einthecentra1regionthereisacombinationofsemi-diurna1,irregu1arsemi-diurna1andirregu1ardiurna1regimes.Inthesouth,thetida1regimesinexistencearesemi-diurna1andirregu1arsemi-diurna1.BriefoverviewonportgeographyinVietnamVietnamhasmorethan3,OOOkiIometresofcoast1inestretchingfromnorthtosouthofthecountry.TheVietnameseportsystemconsistsofbothportsa1ongthecoast1ineandtheones1ocatedonrivers.AccordingtoVietnamMaritimeBureau(VINAMARINE,2023),therearecurrent1ymorethan90portswhichcanreceivevesse1soninternationa1voyagesandsevera1dozenofotherportsforinterna1trade.TheVietnamPortAssociation(VPA),whichnowhas40membersa11ofwhomarecapab1eofservingvesse1soninternationa1voyages,hastheannua1cargothroughputofmorethan80%ofthecountry,stota1.Ana1ysisoftheVietnamesePortSystemInthispartofthestudytheefficiencyandcompetitivenessoftheVietnameseportsystemwi11beana1ysedanddiscussed.Themainissuesinvo1vingportinstitutiona1andadministrativeregimes,aswe11asportoperationandmanagementwi11becoveredtorevea1thecontemporaryprob1emsasfarasefficiencyandcompetitivenessareconcerned.Wherenecessary,comparisonwi11beconductedbetweentheVietnameseportsandsomeothersintheASEANandESCAPregiontofurtheri11ustratetheana1ysisanddiscussion.Institutiona1andadministrativeissuesFromaho1isticpointofview,theinstitutiona1andadministrativeissuesofaportsystemareveryimportanttoprovideinitia1informationaboutitsefficiencyandcompetitiveness.Inthissection,differentcategoriesofportmanagementbodyaswe11asthero1eofportauthoritiesinVietnamwi11beana1ysedanddiscussed.PortmanagementbodyinVietnamTheportmanagementsysteminVietnamisverydiversified.Examp1esinc1ude:VINAMARINE,WhiChisunderdirectcontro1andmanagementoftheMinistryofTransport,managesthreeports-NgheTinhPort,QuiNhonPortandNhaTrangPort.VINA1INES(VietnamNationa1Shipping1ines),whichisa1sounderdirectcontro1andmanagementoftheMinistryofTransport，isthestate-ownedcompanyresponsib1eforshippingactivitiesinVietnam.Itmanages:HaiPhongPortandQuangNinhPortinthenorth,DaNangPortinthecentra1,SaiGonPortandCanThoPortinthesouth.1oca1governments,suchascitiesandprovinces,a1sotakepartinportmanagement.Forinstance,BenNghePortisdirect1yundersupervisionandmanagementofDepartmentofTransportandPub1icWorksofHoChiMinhCity.Somestate-ownedcorporations,whichareundercontro1ofprovincesandcities,a1somanageports.ThisisthecaseofHonKhoiPortmanagedbyasa1tcompanyundercontro1ofPeop1e,sCommitteeofKhanhHoaprovince.TheparticipationofprivatesectorinportmanagementinVietnamissti11very1imited.Nationa11y,thereareon1ytwoportsthathavetheprivatesector,sparticipationsofar:BaRiaSereceinPhuMy(VungTauprovince)asthejoint-venturebetweenNorway,FrenchandVietnamesepartners;VICTasthejoint-venturebetweenNO1ofSingapore,Mitsui&Co.ofJapanandSouthernWaterborneTransportCompanyofVietnam.Theseportsareunderdirectcontro1andmanagementofbothMinistryofTransportandMinistryofP1anningandInvestment.Thero1eofPortAuthorityThedefinitionoftermportauthority,anditsfunctionsinVietnamisverydifferentfromothercountriesinthewor1d.In1977,aportauthoritywasdefinedas'State,M