虚拟语气用法详解.docx

河高高三英语语法专题讲练虚拟语气用法一、条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在did(be用were)wou1d/shou1d/might/cou1d+do过去haddonewou1d/shou1d/might/cou1dhavedone将来did(be用were)shou1d+doweretodowou1d/shou1d/might/cou1d+do(1)现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：IfheWerefree,heWOUIdhe1pus.。IfheS1Udiedatthisschoo1,heWOU1dknowyouwe11.(2)过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：IfIhadSeenthefi1m,IWOUIdhaveto1dyouaboutit.IfIhadgotthereear1ier,IWoI11dhavemetMe1i.假如(3)将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：IfheShOUIdgotoQingHuaUniversity,heWOUIdmakefu11useofhistime.IfheWere1oCOmehere,heWoU1dIeI1usaboutit.注意：1 .当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,shou1d,had时，if可省略，而将were,shou1d,had等词置于句首。如：Shou1dheagreetogothere,Wewou1dsendhimthere.Wereshehere,shewou1dagreewithus.Hadhe1earntaboutcomputers,wewou1dhavehiredhimtoworkhere.2 .错综时间虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相对应的调整。IfIWereyou,IWOU1dhavegonetothetheatre1astnight.Ifyouhadfo11owedmyadvicejustnow,youwou1dbebetternow.二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1 .表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(shou1d)+原形动词。这些动词可归纳记忆为"Idropcaps,r这个形式，BP：insist,demand,reues1.reuirarecommend,order,persist,command,advise,propose,suggest等。Theteacheradvisedthatweshou1dmakegooduseofeveryminutehere.注意：当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；SUggeSt的意思为：说明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：Tominsistedthathehadn'tsto1enthewatch.Hissmi1esuggestedthathehadsucceededinIhisexam.表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的名词充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从句及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(shou1d)+动词原形。如：Wefo11owedhisadvicethatweshou1daskourteacherforhe1p.Hissuggestionisthatweshou1ddoourworkmorecarefu11y.2.wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构现在过去时(be用Were)过去haddone将来wou1d/cou1d/might/shou1d+原形动词例如：IwishIIeamtEng1ishwe11.我希望我已学好了英语。IwishIhadbeentherewiththem1astweek.我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。Hewisheswecou1dgoandp1aygameswithhim.他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。注意：asif7thou"h.ifOn1y后虚拟语气使用情况和WiSh,样。3.wou1drather,之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构现在/将来过去时(be用were)过去haddonedratheryouhadseenthefi1myesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。dratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你现在在这儿。We,dratheryouwentheretomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿。三、主语从句中的虚拟语气在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为：shou1d+动词原形，此时译为“竟然”句型：(1) Itisimportant/strange/necessary/natura1that(2) Itisapity/ashame/nowonder*.that(3) Itissuggested/requested/desired/proposed.that如：Itisimportantthatweshou1ddowe11inour1essonsfirst.Itisstrangethatheshou1dnotcome.很奇怪,他竟没有来。Itisapitythatweshou1dnotmeet1astnight.真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。四、特殊情况1 .表示:“早该做某事了”时,从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为：Itis(high/about)timethat+主语+动词的过去式/shou1d+动词原形。如：ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschoo1.我该去学校接我的女儿了。Itishightimeyoushou1dgotoWork.你早该上班了。2 .副词or,otherwise,介词with,without,butfor等可替代条件句，引起虚拟语气。Iwasi11thatday.Otherwise,IWOUIdhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.Butforyourhe1p,weWOU1dn'Ihavefinishedtheworksosoon.虚拟语气练习题精选1. Haditnotbeenfortheheavyfog,you（就看到了美丽的塔）inthedistanceeasi1y1astTuesday,（see）2. Whatapity!We,drather（我们听取了）oUrteacher'sadviceyesterday,（take）3. Witha1itt1emorecareyou（能避免）thisIrafficaccident,（avoid）4. Whenthepo1icetookthesuspecttothepo1icestation，heinsistedthathe（没偷）the1ady,spurseandthathe（释放）.（stea1,set）5. HowIwishI（被录取了）thekeyuniversity,（admit）.6. Whenapenci1ispart1yinag1assofwater,it1ooksasifit（断了）.（break）7. Manycoa1mineaccidents（本来能够避免的）ifwehadfo11owedthestrictsafetyru1es.（avoid）8. 1ookwhatmistakesvemade,Ifon1yI（听你的劝告）.（fb11ow）9. （万一你被解雇）,yourhea1thcareandotherbenefitswi11notbeimmediate1ycutoff.（fire）10. Thesuggestionthatthemayor（发奖）hasbeenacceptedbyeveryone.（present）11. Itishightimethatwe（采取措施）protecttheenvironment,（measure）12. We1ostourwayinthatsma11vi11age,otherwisewe（就会参观）morep1acesofinterestyesterday.（2012福建卷）1. .If（我没有喝）a1coho11astnight.Icou1dhavedrivenmycarhome,（drink）（2011湖北卷）14. Hadwenotusedanout-of-datetrainschedu1e,wethetrain.（miss）（2012湖北卷）要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。15. Mostbe1ieveheforEng1and1astweek,butforaseriousinjurywhichputhimoutoffootba11.（p1ay）（2013湖北卷）多数人认为，要不是受了重伤而辞别足球，上周他本会为英格兰踢球的。1. Theteacherdemandedthattheexambeforee1even.A.mustfinishB.wou1dbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished2. Heista1kingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhethere.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone3. Theyoungmaninsistedthathenothingwrongandfree.A.did;setB.haddone;shou1dbesetC.shou1ddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset4.1suggestedtherebeakindof1anguagea11cou1dunderstandanduse.A.can;itB./;/C.wou1d;itD.may;/5.Theordercamethatthemedica1supp1iestoBeijingfortheSarssoon.A.wou1dbesentB.shou1dsendC.besentD.mustbesent6. Itisimportantthatwewi1danima1s.A.wi11protectB.shou1dprotectC.sha11protect7. Hadyou1istenedtothedoctor,youa11rightnow.A.areB.wereC.wou1dbeD.areprotectingD.wou1dhavebeen8.today,hewou1dgettherebyFriday.A.Wou1dhe1eaveC.Wereheto1eave9. Shou1ditrain,thecrops.A.wou1dbesavedB.Washe1eavingD.Ifhe1eaveB.wou1dhavebeensavedC.wi11besavedD.hadbeensaved10.Hetreatedmeasthough/asifhisown