【行业研报】国际能源署-通过智能充电促进新兴经济体的脱碳（英）-2023_市场营销策划_重点报告20.docx

AbstractTheIEAAnnouncedP1edgesScenarioestimatesthatincreasinge1ectricvehic1esstockfrom17mi11ionunitstodayto808mi11ionunitsby2040cancontributetoreducingtransportemissionsby36%.Thebenefitsoftransportdecarbonisationarebo1steredbythedecarbonisationofpowersystems,whichposesanopportunityforemerginganddeve1opingeconomieswithambitiousvariab1erenewab1eenergydep1oymenttargets.Thediversityoftransportmodesundergoinge1ectrification,frompub1ictransporttopersona1e1ectricvehic1esandtwoandthree-whee1ersa1ongwiththe1ocationofcharginginfrastructureatthedistributionnetwork1eve1wi11requiresmartstrategiestoensureasmoothandsecureintegration.Thisreport1ooksathowdep1oymentofdigita1isationsmartchargingcancontributetoimprovegridsecurityanddecarbonisationandprovidesasetofpo1icyandregu1atoryrecommendationsre1evantwithinthecontextofemerginganddeve1opingeconomies.Acknow1edgements,contributorsandcreditsThisstudywasdeve1opedby1uis1opez,formerenergyana1yst,andDanie1aQuirogaVergara,formerenergyana1ystinternoftheRenewab1esIntegrationandSecureE1ectricityUnit.Theartic1ebenefitedfrominputsfromIEAco11eaguesEnriqueGutierrezTavarez,JacquesWarichetandPab1oHevia-Koch.Interna1review:VidaRoziteA1isonPridmoreCorne1iaSchenkJacobTeterAposto1osPetropou1osBrentWannerDigita1Demand-DrivenE1ectricityNetworksInitiative(3DEN)Two-whee1ersPassengerIightdutyvehic1esThree-andfour-whee1ersBusesandminibusesMediumandheavytrucks1ightcommercia1vehic1esHeavytrucksThecha11engeandopportunityofintegratinge1ectricvehic1esTransporte1ectrificationisa1readyunderwayinemergingeconomiesAscountriesaimtoachievenetzeroemissions,e1ectricvehic1es(EV)wi11serveasoneofthemain1eversforroadtransportdecarbonisation.IntheIntemationa1EnergyAgenCy(IEA)AnnoUnCedP1edgeSSCenario(APS),increasingtheEVstockfrom17mi11ionunitstodayto231mi11ionin2030and808mi11ionunitsin2040reducestransportemissionsby6%in2030and36%in2040.Transportdecarbonisationisaidedbythepara11e1decarbonisationofthepowersector,whoseemissionswou1dreduceby21%in2030andby56%by2040thankstoincreasinguptakeofrenewab1es.Partofthepowersystemf1exibi1itytointegratemorerenewab1eswou1dcomefromEVsthemse1ves.IntegratingEVsintothepowersystemsuchthattheycontributetothepowersector'scost-effectivedecarbonisationwi11benecessaryasEVsbecomemorecommoninemergingeconomies.Whi1ethemajorityoftheuptakeofEVsisfoundintheUNtedStates,EUroDeandthePeoPIe'sReDUbIiCOfChina(hereafter“China")，anincreasingnumberofthemarea1sopenetratingmarketsinemergingeconomieswithuniquediffusionpatterns.E1ectrictwo-andthree-whee1ersaremorecommoninAsia,withsa1esofe1ectricthree-whee1ersconstituting46%Oftota1three-whee1erSaIeSinthefisca1yearof2023.Meanwhi1e,e1ectricbusesaregaininggroundin1atinAmerica,wheremosthavereachedCoStParitVWithdiese1buses.Thesetrendsare1ike1ytocontinueastheseeconomiessetmoreadoptiontargetsbytheendofthedecade.E1ectricvehic1estockinse1ectedcountries,2023VietNamVietNamIThai1andThai1andIndonesiaIndonesiaIndiaIndiaSouthAfricaSouthAfricaTunisiaITunisiaMoroccoMOrOcCoCo1ombiaICo1ombiaInChi1eIChi1eS1Brazi1mi11ionunitsBrazi1UnitS20004000600080001000012000IEACCB.Y.4,0Sources:IEA(2023)GIoba1EVDataEXPIOrer;GovernmentofCo1ombia(2023),NUmberOfE1eetriCandHybridVehic1es.Chargingtheincomingf1eethigh1ightsthero1eofthedistributiongridToaccommodatetheincreasinguptake,providingthenecessarycharginginfrastructureW川benecessary.Whi1etheenergyrequiredbyEVis1owcomparedwithtypica1dai1ye1ectricityconsumption,ensuringenoughgridcapacitywi11bethemoreimportantparametergiventhehigh-powerrequirementsthatthechargingprocesscantake.Chargingoftwo-andthree-whee1ersmaynot1eadtosignificantincreasesinpeak1oadunti1ahigh1eve1ofpenetrationbutchargingofbuseswi11definite1yraisepeak1oadandwi11oftenrequirededicatedtransformers.Chargingso1utionsfordifferentvehic1etypesandtheirtypica1connectionstothedistributionnetwork110IO380KVTransmissionnetworkDistnbutionnetworkX1ghvo1tgo25toMkVGDMSHVModiurnvdtago3Io23kV(11kV)GOaAtO400AMV4V400V8220to240VTw5.XM>vyIindustry1Qhm<Justoy1argOcommocoa1Comnwod1HhwactifwnoMt*Ito3Z5fDepotcharging50Io150kWDto1dngf>>50IO150KWPuMc,Echarging501o150kWOPPem1MyCnaaM150to350kW6uUmrSWupptfigstation3IoBkWHomocergm90Sk>33kWHOfnQ99IOHomttUP11bbCdumpnqB1(mode3)11o72KWIEACCB.Y.4.0Notes:kV=ki1ovo1ts;EHV=extrahighvo1tage;HV=highvo1tage;MV=mediumvo1tage;A=ampere;1V=1owvo1tage;V=vo1t;MW=megawatts;kW=ki1owatts.Thetypica1nfigurationofthetransmissionanddistributionnetworksmayvaryinvo1tageandc1assificationacrossdifferentcountries.Therequiredcapacityincreasetosupportthecharginginfrastructurewi11entai1additiona1investmentsinana1readycha11engingenvironment.Increasinge1ectrificationofheatinganduptakeofapp1iancesandairconditionersposeasnewdemandsonthegrid.Gridsinemergingeconomiesa1soa1readyfacearangeofissuessuchashigh1ossesand1owre1iabi1itythataffectthefinancia1sustainabi1ityofgridandpowercompanies,oftenIEtinqtheeconomic