Investigation on the effect of Womersley numberECG and PPG features for cuff less blood pressure estimation using machinelearni.docx

FISFVIERContents1istsavai1ab1eatScienceDirectBiomedica1Signa1ProcessingandContro1journa1homepage:cInvestigationontheeffectofwomers1eynumber9ECGandPPGfeaturesforcuff1essb1oodChockforupdatespressureestimationusingmachine1earningGeerthyThambiraj,1JmaGandhi«,UmapathyManga1anathan,VJeyaMariaJose,M.AnandDep<r(mentofIns(runena(ionandContno1Engineering1Naiona1IMitu(eoechno1ogy.Tirchirapa11iJndiaartic1einfoArtic1ehistory:Re(XiVCd230CIobeI2019Reccivcdinrcviscdfonn13Fcbruarj2023ACCCPtCd28Mairh2023Keywords:ContinuouscufncssMmdpressurcRandomforcstWomcis1cyparamctcrECGfcaturesGenetica1gorithmabstractObjective:Regu1ationandinhibitionofhighbkxx1pressure.knownashypertensionareintrica(e.andiidemandsacontinuous.accuraieb1<x1pressurcmcasuremcntsystcm.A1hhccxistingcontinuousnoninvasivctcchniqucsowncha11cngcssuchascxactp1accmcntofthcsensor,reconstructionofarteria1pressurefromfingercufffrequentandsubjectbasedca1ibration.Thispaperpresentsana1gorithmbasedonncwtimc-iiomaintcaturesfbrcontmuousb1oodpressurcmonitoringwhichisccia1inin(ensivccarcUnitsandcanbcuscdtoPNdicicardiovascu1arai1ments.Methods:Here.WeproposethemethodtoesiimateBpthaiextractsinfbrmativeteatures1ikeWmers1eynumber().QRS.QTcinter,a.SDirromEcGandppGsigna1sandregressiontechniqueswhichareemp1oyedtoesiinateb1oodressurecontinuous1y.Performancemetrics1ikeMAE.RMSE.nbias&95%CIareconsideredtova1idatetheProPOmethod.Toexp1orethere1evanceofproposedphysio1ogica1fcaturcswiththcb1(1pressurc,gcnctica1gorithm(GA)withthcrandomforcstmodc1iscmp1oycd.Resu1ts:Significantfeatures1ikca1pha4QRScomp1cx,QTintcrra1SD1hcartratcarcacquired.Thebestoptima1featuresetfromGArcduccdthcMAEfrom13.20to9.54mmHg,9.91to5.48mmHg,7.71to3.37mmHgibrSBP.DBPandMBPrcspcc(ive1y.Conc1usion:Mode1bui1dwithECGandPPGtime-domainfeaturesoutperformthemode1trainedwithPPGfeaturesa1one.Resu1tsOtxaincdfromGAvaIidatcsIhcsignificanccofEcGfcaturcsconrcIationwithBRSignicancc:Identifying(hcass<ia(ionsofECGfeatureswithBPhe1sinse1ectingre1evantfea(ureswhichIninimizethecomputationa1costaswe11asenorsintheassessnwntofBR02023E)sevier1id.A11righureserved.!.IntroductionthekortokofFsoundismonitorcdusingastethoscope.Intheinva-B1oodpressure(BP)isoneofthevita1signstobemoni1oredtodiagnosethesubject'shea1thconditions.Raisedb1oodpressure,Rnownashypertension(HTN)isoneofthecardina1riskfactorsassociatedwiththecerebrovascu1araccident(CVA),cardiovascu1ardiscases.andrena1impairmentwhichisctimatcdtoaffect1.5bi11ionpeop1ewor1dwideI1TreatingthecompIicationsofHTNatanear1ystageentai1sthenation'seconomicgainsandpro1onged1ifeexpectancy.Continuousandaccurateb1dpressuremeasurementisfundamenta1tothemanagementofHTN.MerCUrySphygmomanometer,a1ong-estab1ished,non-invasive,go1denStandardofBPmeasurement,UsestheinfIatabIecuffWhiIetheCuffisdef1ated,Corrcspondingauthor.E-mai1address:gunMniit.edu(U.Gandhi).hups"doi.o锣10.1016,j.bspc.2O2O.IOI9421746-809W2023E1scvicr1td.A1Irightsrcscrvcd.wherethecatheterisinsertedintotheaorta.However,asitispronetoinfections,thismethod1imitsitsc1inica1use.Theosci11ometr>,methodisa1soawe11-estab1ishedmethodtoestimateBPUsingamaximumamp1itudea1gorithmJnthistechniqucahesma11osci11ationsareextracted,anditsenve1opesarecomputedwhichgivetheestimationofsysto1icb1oodpressure(SBP)anddiasicb1oodpressure(DBP)2.However,boththetechniquesprovidetheintermittentBP.constricttheb1ot×if1owandrequiretrainedtechnicians.Inaddition,thevo1umec1ampingmethodandthetonometricmethodusesthefingercufftoreconstcttheb1oodpressureva1ues.Howeverjhep1acemeiitofthesensorontheexact1ocationofthearteryischa11engingintonometr),P1-Thetechniquesmentionedabovehavetheirdrawbacks,whichresu1tintheemergingprincip!eca11edpu1sewaveve1ocity(PWV)basedBPmeasurement.Forins(ance,thecufT-basedmeasurementOfb1oodpressurecausesdiscomfbrtinthecaseOfambu1atorymonitoring,inappropriatecuffsizingandprovidesanintermittentmeasurement.Hence,cuff1essBPassessmentbasedonPu1setransittime(PTT)isevo1vedtoOvercomethedemeritsassociatedwiththecuffbasedmeasurement.Thethreemostciteda1gorithmsbasedonPTTpavedthewayforcontinuousandcuff1essb1oodpressuremeasurement.Cheneta1.estimatedtheSBPbyobtainingchangeinpu1setransittimea1ongwithintermittentca1ibrationva1ues.However,heobservedareductioninaccuracyWhentheca1ibrationinterva1is1onger4.Pooneta1repIacedtheC1aSIiCmOdU1USWiIhHUgheSCqUaIionandCa1CUIaIedSBPandDBP5.AIthOUgh1hCabovetwoa1gorithmsestimatedb1oodpressure,thediameterissetasideasaconstantparameter.In2015,Dinge1a1.proposedthenewindicator,photop1ethysmogramintensityratio(PIR)whichref1ectstheVasomotortonexhangeinarteria1diamcterasWe11asitcou1dIrackbothhighand1owfrequencyvariationsinBP6.Inphysio1ogica11erms.b1oodpressureisregu1atedbycardiacoutputandtota1periphera1resistance,whichinc1udevesse1diameter,b1oodviscosity,andvesse11engthandb1oodvo1ume.Therefore,anove1Bpa1gorithmbasedonMorganaiK1Ki1eyexpressionasaprincipaIequationwasmode11edwhichre1