老托福93篇听力原文.docx

Communityserviceisanimportantcomponentofeducationhereatouruniversity.Weencouragea11studentstovo1unteerforat1eastonecommunityactivitybeforetheygraduate.Anewcommunityprogramca11ed"OneOnOne"he1pse1ementarystudentswho,vefa11enbehind.Youeducationmajorsmightbeespecia11yinterestedinitbecauseitofferstheopportunitytodosometeaching一thatis,tutoringinmathandEng1ish.You,dhavetovo1unteertwohoursaweekforonesemester.Youcanchoosetohe1pachi1dwithmath,Eng1ish,orboth.Ha1f-hour1essonsarefine,soyoucou1ddoaha1fhourofeachsubjecttwodaysaweek.ProfessorDodgewi11actasamentortothetutors一he,beavai1ab1etohe1pyouwith1essonp1ansortooffersuggestionsforactivities.HehasofficehourseveryTuesdayandThursdayafternoon.Youcansignupfortheprogramwithhimandbeginthetutoringnextweek.msureyou,11enjoythiscommunityserviceandyou,11gainva1uab1eexperienceatthesametime.It1ooksgoodonyourresume,too,showingthatyou,vehadexperiencewithchi1drenandthatyoucareaboutyourcommunity.Ifyou'd1iketosignup,orifyouhaveanyquestions,stopbyProfessorDodge,sofficethisweek.2Ihopeyou'vea11finishedreadingtheassignedchapteroninsurancesothatyou,repreparedforourdiscussiontoday.But,beforewestart,d1iketomentionafewthingsyourtextdoesn'tgointo.It,sinterestingtonotethatinsurancehasexistedinsomeformforavery1ongtime.Theear1iestinsurancepo1icieswerewhatweca11edbottomrycontracts.Theyprovidedshippingprotectionformerchantsasfarbackas3000B.C.Ingenera1,thecontractswereoftennomorethanverba1agreements.Theygranted1oanstomerchantswiththeunderstandingthatifaparticu1arshipmentofgoodswas1ostatsea,the1oandidn'thavetoberepaid.Interestonthe1oansvariedaccordingtohowriskyitwastotransportthegoods.Duringperiodsofheavypiracyatsea,forexamp1e,theamountofinterestandthecostofthepo1icywentupconsiderab1y.So,youcanseehowinsurancehe1pedencourageinternationa1trade.Eventhemostcautiousmerchantsbecamewi11ingtoriskshippingtheirgoodsover1ongdistances,nottomentioninhazardousweatherconditionswhentheyhadthiskindofprotectionavai1ab1e.Genera11yspeaking,thebasicformofaninsurancepo1icyhasbeenprettymuchthesamesincetheMidd1eAges.Therearefourpointsthatweresa1ientthenandremainparamountina11po1iciestoday.Therewereout1inedinchaptersixandwi11serveasthebasisfortherestoftheoftoday,sdiscussion.Cananyonete11mewhatoneofthosepointsmightbe?1ocatedattheNASAResearchCenterinIowaisa5,000-ga11onvatofwater,andinsidethetankisanunderwatertreadmi11designedbyDavaNewman,anaerospaceengineer.ForfouryearsNewmanobservedscubadiversastheysimu1atedwa1kingontheMoonandonMarsonherunderwatermovingbe1t.ShewantedtodiscoverhowthegravityoftheMoonandofMarswou1daffecthumanmovement.Todothis,Newmanattachedweightstothediversandthen1oweredthemintothetankandontothetreadmi11.Theseweightswerecarefu11yadjustedsothatthediverscou1dexperienceunderwaterthegravityoftheMoonandofMarsastheywa1kedonthetreadmi11.Newmanconc1udedthatwa1kingonMarswi11probab1ybeeasierthanwa1kingontheMoon.TheMoonhas1essgravitythanMarsdoes,soat1unargravity,thediversstrugg1edtokeeptheirba1anceandwa1kedawkward1y.ButatMartiangravity,thedivershadgreatertractionandstabi1ityandcou1deasi1yadjusttoapaceof1.5mi1esperhour.AsNewmangradua11yincreasedthespeedofthetreadmi11,thediverstook1onger,gracefu1stridesunti1theycomfortab1ysett1edintoanevenquickerpace.Newmana1sonotedthatatMartiangravity,thediversneeded1essoxygen.ThedataNewmanco11ectedwi11he1pinthefuturedesignofMartianspacesuits.Comparedto1unarspacesuits,Martianspacesuitswi11requiresma11erairtanks;and,toa11owforfreermovement,thee1bowandkneeareasofthespacesuitswi11a1sobea1tered.We1cometoEverg1adesNationa1Park.TheEverg1adesisawateryp1aincoveredwithsawgrassthat'shometonumerousspeciesofp1antsandwi1d1ife.Atoneandaha1fmi11ionacres,it,stoobigtoseeita11today,butthistourwi11offeryouagoodsamp1ing.Ourtourbuswi11stopfirstatTay1orS1ough.Thisisagoodp1acetostartbecauseit,shometomanyofthep1antsandanima1stypica11yassociatedwiththeEverg1ades.You'11seemanyexoticbirdsand,ofcourse,ourwor1dfamousa11igators.Don,tworry,there,saboardwa1kthatgoesacrossthemarsh,soyoucan1ookdownattheanima1sinthewaterfromasafedistance.Theboardwa1kishighenoughtogiveyouagreatviewofthesawgrassprairie.Fromtherewe,headtosomeothermarshyandevenjung1e1ikeareasthatfeaturewonderfu1tropica1p1ant1ife.Forthoseofyouwho,d1ikeac1oserviewofthesawgrassprairie,youmightconsiderrentingacanoesometimeduringyourvisithere.However,don'tdothisun1essyouhaveaverygoodsenseofdirectionandcannegotiateyourwaythroughta11grass.We,dhatetohavetocome1ookingforyou.Youhavethegoodfortuneofbeinghereinthewinter-thebesttimeofyeartovisit.Duringthespringandsummer,themosquitoeswi11justabouteatyoua1ive!Rightnowthey'renotsobothersome,butyou,sti11wanttouseaninsectrepe11ent.Thankyou.IfsgreattoseesomanyofyouinterestedinthisseriesonnSurviva1inOuterSpace."P1easeexcusethecameras,we,rebeingvideotapedforthe1oca1TVstations.Tonightmgoingtota1kaboutthemostbasicaspectofsurviva1一thespacesuit.Whenmostofyouimagineanastronaut,that,sprobab1ythefistthingthatcomestomind,right?We11,withoutspacesuits,itwou1dnotbepossib1eforustosurviveinspace.Forexamp1e,outerspaceisavacuum一th