中国沿海防范商渔船碰撞事故指引（2023版）.docx

中国沿海防范商渔船碰撞事故指引GUIDE1INEFORTHEPREVENTIONOFCO11ISIONBETWEENMERCHANTVESSE1SANDFISHINGVESSE1SINCOASTA1WATERSOFCHINA本指引参考1972年国际海上避碰规则和中国沿海商渔船航行实际，结合航运公司、行业协会、海事院校的实践经验，坚持“安全第一、预防为主”的原则，对在中国沿海航行商船优化航行方法，规范避让行动和应急救助等提出建议，旨在为船舶预防碰撞事故提供指导，提升商渔船碰撞风险防控能力。Thisguide1ineincorporatestheInternationa1Regu1ationsforPreventingCo11isionsatSea1972,aswe11asthenavigationandfishingpracticesspecifictothecoasta1watersofChina.Ita1sotakesintoaccountthepractica1experiencesofshippingcompanies,industryassociationsandmaritimeinstitutions.Fo11owingtheprincip1eofPrioritizingSafetyandEmphasizingPrevention,thisguide1ineoffersrecommendationstooptimizenavigationtechniques,regu1ateactiontoavoidco11ision,andaddressemergencyrescuemeasuresformerchantVesse1snavigatinginthecoasta1watersofChina.Itsobjectiveistoprovideguidanceonco11isionpreventionandtoimprovetheco11isionriskcontro1capabi1itiesofbothmerchantandfishingvesse1s.一、航行方法1. NavigationTechniques目的港为中国沿海港口或航经中国沿海的船舶，开航前应重点关注中国沿海渔场分布，加强航次避碰风险分析评估,科学制定航次计划。涉及渔船密集水域的，要时刻谨记：安全第一、宁可绕行、不要冒险！如必须进入渔船密集水域，应尽可能了解渔船捕鱼作业的方式及对捕鱼号灯及网具的识别方法等，掌握渔船捕鱼的交通流向，提前制定避让方案，找出最佳穿越航线。PriortovoyagesboundforChineseportsortransitingthroughcoasta1watersofChina,specia1attentionshou1dbepaidtothespatia1distributionoffishinggroundsintheseareasbeforedeparture.Itisessentia1toconductathoroughco11isionriskassessmentandcarefu11ymakevoyagep1ans.Bewareofthec1ustersoffishingvesse1sandprioritizesafetyabovea11,optingtoavoidsuchc1ustersratherthantakingunnecessaryrisks.Insituationswhereentryintowaterswithhighconcentrationsoffishingvesse1sisunavoidab1e,properidentificationoffishingvesse1s,their1ights,shapes,andnets,aswe11astheirongoingfishingoperations,ishigh1yrecommended.Deve1opingaco11isionavoidancep1aninadvancetosafe1ypassc1earofa11fishingvesse1sandtheirnetsisstrong1yadvised.（一）进入渔船密集区水域之前。1.1 Priortoenteringareaswithhighconcentrationsoffishingvesse1s.1召开航行安全会议，确保驾驶台所有航行值班人员知晓渔船作业特点、渔船密集水域航行安全注意事项，进一步评估碰撞风险、优化避让方案、通报情况，并督促船员遵照执行。1.1.1 Anavigationsafetymeetingshou1dbeorganizedtoensurethata11bridgewatch-keepingpersonne1arewe11-informedaboutthecharacteristicsoffishingoperations,safetyprecautionsfornavigatinginareaswithhighconcentrationsoffishingvesse1s,comprehensiveco11isionriskassessment,optimizationofco11isionavoidancep1ans,informationreportingandsharing,aswe11asemphasizingtheimportanceofcrewmembersadheringtotheseguide1ines.2,对雷达、电子海图、船舶自动识别系统、航行数据记录仪、甚高频无线电话，以及航行灯、白昼信号灯和其他声响信号设备进行检查和测试，确保正常可用。1.1.2 Thorough1yinspectandtestnavigationa1aidsandcommunicationequipment,inc1udingradar,ECDIS/ECS,AIS,VDR,VHF,navigation1ights,A1dis1ight,andothersound-signa1ingapp1iances,toensurethattheyarea11ingoodworkingcondition.3.检查“四机一炉”，确保工作状况良好。备妥主机，以便随时用车。对手操舵（随动、非随动）、自动舵和应急操舵等操舵方式进行测试，确保操舵系统工作正常，以便随时紧急操纵避碰。1.1.3 .Conductathoroughexaminationofthemainengine,auxi1iaryengine,steeringgear,wind1ass,andboi1erstoensurethattheyarea11inoptima1workingcondition.Ensurethatthemainengineispreparedforimmediatemaneuvering.Testthemanua1（Fo11ow-up,Non-Fo11owup）,auto,andemergencysteeringtoverifythatthesteeringsystemisingoodworkingorder,readytofaci1itateemergencyco11isionavoidanceactionsifrequired.4,合理安排值班，任何时候驾驶台都应保持至少两名航行值班人员。1.1.4 Ensureappropriatebridgewatchkeeping1eve1,withaminimumoftwoWatchstandersconsistent1yonthebridgetofu1fi11theirdutiesandresponsibi1ities.（二）经过或临近渔船密集区水域期间。1.2 Navigatinginorc1osetoareaswithhighconcentrationsoffishingvesse1s.1驾驶台航行值班人员应使用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和情况的一切可用手段保持正规瞭望，全面掌握本船周边水域其他船舶的航行态势，以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估计。1.2.1 BridgeWatchstandersshou1data11timesmaintainaproper1ook-outbysightandhearingaswe11asbya11avai1ab1emeansappropriateintheprevai1ingcircumstancesandconditions,comprehensive1yco11ectthenavigationsituationofothervesse1sinthevicinity,soastomakeafu11appraisa1ofthesituationandoftheriskofco11ision.2.进入渔船密集区域航行时应将自动舵调整为手操舵。若当时环境许可，尽可能保持1海里以上距离通过，并保持戒备，防止渔船因为护网等原因突然加速、停船、掉头等造成紧迫局面。1.2.2Theautosteeringshou1dbechangedtomanua1whenenteringareaswithhighconcentrationsoffishingvesse1s.C1earingdistanceofat1east1nmshou1dbemaintainedifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit.Maintainahigh1eve1ofvigi1anceandstrivetoavoidc1ose-quarterssituationsarisingfromsuddenspeedchanges,stopsandcoursea1terationsbyfishingvesse1stoprotecttheirnets.3.值班驾驶员根据周围渔船密集程度和航行值班强度调整值班等级，必要时应立即通知船长上驾驶台。1.2.3Officerofthewatchshou1dadaptthe1eve1ofwatchkeepingbasedonthedensityoffishingvesse1sandwork1oad,andifnecessary,prompt1yca11mastertothebridge.4.船长要针对夜间渔区航行的特殊戒备要求，制定和签发夜航命令。1.2.4Mastershou1dissuenightordersbasedonthenecessarysafetyprecautionswhi1enavigatingthroughfishinggroundsduringnighttime.（三）应特别注意的事项。1.3Mattersrequiringspecia1attention.1.每年伏季休渔结束后，是中国沿海渔船活动密度最高时段。伏季休渔期需查阅中华人民共和国农业农村部最新规定。1.3.1Whenthesummerfishingbanis1ifted,thedensityoffishingvesse1swi11norma11yincreasetothehighest.P1easerefertotheIatestcircu1arsissuedbytheMinistryofAgricu1tureandRuraIAffairsofthePeop1e,sRepub1icOfChinafordetaiIedinformationonthesummerfishingban.2.夜间23时至次日凌晨4时是商渔船碰撞事故高发时段。1.3.2Mostco11isionsbetweenmerchantvesse1sandfishingvesse1soccurbetween230