从内到外看德国豹式坦克_部分6.docx

Thespacedarmorplates,referredtoasSchuerzenbytheGermans,onthePantherAusf.DandAusf.Atankswereattachedtosixmetalhangers,seenhereonaPantherAusf.Dlank,weldedtothebottomofthevehicle'spanniers/sponsons.ThesemetalattachmentscouldnotbeweldedtothesuperstructuresideplatesofthePantherAusf.Dtankwithoutdestroyingtheballisticstrengthoftheface-hardenedarmor(FHA)employeduntilJuly1944.(VirginiaMuseumofMilitaryVehicles)164© Osprey Publishing Belongingto theGerman Anny TechnicalEvaluation Center is thisrestored Panther Ausf. Gtank. The camouflage paintscheme applied to thevehicle shows one of themany variations possiblewithin existing parametersof the of the standard tan,dark olive green, and redbrown paints in use fromFebruary 1943PANTHEROnalmost all oftheknocked-outPantherPROTECTIONAusf. Dtanksgashes.However,itwasnotedthataprojectilestrikeneartheglacisplateweldscausedthemtocrack.A76.2-mmprojectilestrikecouldpenetratethelowerfronthullarmorplateonthePanthertankandthevehicle'sgunshield.Both76-mmand85-mmprojectilestrikescouldknockoffthevehiclecommander'scupolaonthePanthertank.InDecember1943,toacquiremoredetailedstatisticsonwhatwouldkillaPanthertank,theRedArmyconductedballistictestsattheNIIGBTU(MainArmorTestCommandResearchInstitute)testcenterinKubinka,nearMoscow.ThefullspectrumofantitankweaponsusedbytheRedArmywasemployedintheballistictests,includingAmericanandBritishlend-leaseguns.ThegoalofthetrialwastofindthearmorstrengthofthePanthertankanddetailtheoptimaldistancesandthestrategiesneededtocombatitonthebattlefield.Thefollowinggunswereused:Soviet45mm,British6-pounder(57mm,)American75mm,Soviet76.2mm,85mm,122mm,and152mm.Thefinaltest© Osprey Publishing inspectedbythe RedsubjectwastheNII-6HEATantitankgrenade.TheweaponswereHredsuperstructure/hulI,whilethe76-mmand85-mmgunswerefiredat30degrees,untilAugust 1944.(Andreas Kirchlwff)ArmyfollowingOperationZitadelle,the glacisplate wasintact. EvenRed Army122-mm APprojectileshadricochetedoff thePanther tankglacis plate,leaving only40-mm deepfromvarious distances to determine the penetration. All the guns except forthe 76.2- mm and 85-mm guns were fired at 90 degrees to the Panther's60 degrees, and 90 degrees to the superstructure/hull of the panther tank. Theresults of the tests are summarized in Table 1.45-mmside armor15-20 m300-500 m700-900 m1,00()-1,300 m1 ,000-1,500 m2 ,000-2,500 m2 ,000-2,500 mTABLE1WeaponNII-6antitankgrenade45-mmtankgun57-mmtankgun76.2-mmtankgun85-mmtankgun122-mmD-25tankgun152-mmgun-howitzer80-mmglacisplate15-20mNopenetrationfromanydistanceNopenetrationfromanydistanceNopenetrationfromanydistanceNopenetrationfromanydistance1,500m1,50()mTheconclusionofthefiringtestsconfirmedthattheRedMueum,Anny's122-mmand152-mmmaingunswereabletodealwiththePanthertankattypicalcombatdistances.ThereasonsforthepoorperfbnnancebytheRedArniy's76.2-mmand85-mmgunsweredeterminedtobethepoormetallurgicalqualityoftheirammunitionandtheirrelativelylowmuzzlevelocity.Atthesametime,theBritish57-mmgun(theBovington)VisibtenDTntrerrevCTsedTUTrerufThijrPanttrerAusfrDtaTTiciyruTrenofTwcrsetJruf3niukelauncherpodsmournedoneithersideofthevehicle'sturret.Visionaryinconcept,theimplementationprovedfaultywhenuserexperienceTheshowedthattheequipment'slocationprovedoverlyvulnerabletoenemyfire.(PattonMuseum)distanceinthetableisthemaximumdistancefromwhichthepenetrationhappenedat90degreestothePantherure/hull.Thisposlwar-built PantherAusf. G tank belonging tothe Tank Museum atBovington, England, hassported a variety of paintschemes over thedecades. In thisphotograph, il has a tanbase coal with an overlayof dark olive green and redbrown that was in use fromFebruaiy 1943 toAugust 1944 onPanther tanks. ( Tanksuperstruct1686-pounder)wasjudgedtobeequivalenttotheSoviet76.2-mmgunduetothesuperiorqualityofitsammunitionanditshighermuzzlevelocity.Yet,despitethebetterquality,it,too,wasuselessagainsttheglacisplateofthePanthertank.ThetestsallowedtheRedArmytodeterminethebesttacticstofightthePanthertankandrevealeditsweakspots.ThistoldthelocalcommandersthattheyneededtoconcentrateheavyartilleryintheplaceswherelikelyattacksbytheGermanarmorwasgoingtooccur,whilethelightergunsweretobesetupinambushpositions offto the flank.It also led totheappearanceofthe biggerself-propelledgunslike theSu-100 andJSU-122/152later in thewar. Thetests werevery usefuland pavedthe way toimprovements infighting thePanther tankand otherHavingbeendealingwithGermantankssincetheinvasionofFranceinthesummerof1940,theBritis