【行业报告】世界银行-支持工人摆脱煤炭转型的选项（2022年3月）（英）_市场营销策划_2023年市.docx

P zou<a1soosQo=qndJOBSNOTESIssueNo.16wor1dBankgroupSocia1Protection&JobsOPTIONSTOSUPPORTWORKERSTHROUGHATRANSITIONAWAYFROMCOA1INEASTERNWIE1KOPO1SKAPaZ一一0£n<amsoosQo=qndBACKGROUNDEasternWie1kopo1skaisanareathatiseconomica11yheavi1ydependentoncoa1andenergyproduction(itgenerates5percentofPo1and*se1ectricity)andischaracterizedbythepresenceofthemostpo11utingp1antsintheregion:greenhousegas(GHG)emissionsintheEasternWie1kopo1skaamountedto7.62mi11ionMgin2019,about62percentofa11emissionsinWie1kopo1ska.Theenergypovertyandthecha11engeofchangingtheheatingstructureofbothprivateandpub1icbui1dingsarepressing.,AccordingtoC1imateNeutra1ityStrategyofEasternWie1kopo1ska(2023)about100,000bui1dingsneedrenovationinEasternWie1kopo1skaandanestimated20,000Bmi1iesareenergypoor,consumingmorethanIOpercentoftheirincomeonenergy.TheKWBAdamowcomp1etedtheoperationsinFebruary2023.TheZEPAKCapiu1Groupisthebiggestemp1oyerintheregionandthe1argestprivateenergygroupinPo1and,consistingofentitiesactinginthefie1dof1igniteextraction,powergenerationfromconventiona1andrenewab1esources,heatproduction,ande1ectricitytrading.1igniteminingactivitiesarep1annedtoshutdowninKWBKonin(operatingintheareaofKoninandKo1a)by2030andinthreepowerp1antsoperatedbytheZEPAKCapiu1Groupby2024?Theregion,sambitionistotransitionoutofcoa1-basedenergyproductiontowardgreenenergyaspartoftheregiona1smartspecia1izationoftheGreaterPo1andvoivodeshipandoftheKoninsubregion:renewab1eenergysources(RES)andmodernenergytechno1ogies,inc1udinghydrogen.TheEuropeanUnion(EU)committedtog1oba1c1imatepo1iciesinc1udingthosedec1aredintheParisAgreement(2015)andtheEuropeanGreenDea1(EGD),agrowthstrategyaimedatachievingcarbonneutra1ityby2050intheEU.TheintermediateurgetistoreduceGHGemissionsby55percent(comparedto19901eve1s)by2030,in1inewiththeEU,sNationa11yDeterminedContribution(NDC).(EC2019).CommunicationfromtheCommissioncotheEuropeanPar1iament,theCounci1,theEuropeanEconomicdSocia1CommitteeandtheCommitteeoftheRegions,theEuropeanGreenDea1,COM/2019/640.TheJustTransitionMechanism(JTM)wi11he1pmobi1izeabout100bi11ionofinvestmentsover2023-2027tosupportMemberSutesachievetheambitioustargetssetundertheEGD.TheJustTransitionFund(JTF)pi11arIoftheJTMrepresentsakeyfinancia1instrumentformitigatingthesocia1andemp1oymentimpactsofthecoa1transitionofcarbon-intensiveregions.TheKoninsubregioninEasternWie1kopo1skaisidentifiedasoneofthecoa1regionse1igib1eforJTFsupport.On1yprojectsine1igib1eJTFregionsatNUTS31eve1qua1ify.Coa1regionsmayaccessanddisburseJTFresourcesonthebasisoftheirTerritoria1JustTransitionP1an(TJTP).AccordingtothePartnershipAgreement2023-2027adoptedonNovember30,2023,yettobeagreedwiththeEuropeanCommission(EC),theMinistryofFundsandRegiona1Po1icyistheManagingAuthorityoftheJTFnationa1programandtheregiona1administrations(Marsha1Offices)actasintermediarybodies.Thee1igibi1itycriteriaofpotentia1projectsandthetime1inefordisbursementarenotyetdefined.BasedonthePartnershipAgreementadoptedbytheCabinetofMinistersonNovember30.2023,theimp1ementationoftheJTFwi11takep1acewithintheframeworkofanationa1programandwi11inc1udeactionsofanationa1andregiona1nature.Eachregionwi11haveitsownpriorityaxisina1ignmentwithobjectivesidentifiedinTJTPs.TheMinistryofFundsandRegiona1Po1icyistheManagingAuthorityofthenationa1programandregiona1administrations(Marsha1Offices)actasintermediatebodies.Thero1eoftheregionswou1dgobeyondatypica1mandateofanintermediatebodyastheywou1dbedefectoinchargeoftheentiredecision-makingprocess(re1atedtotheirpriorityaxis):startingwithprojectse1ection,contractingofprojects,andovera11financia1management.Theministrywou1dp1ayacoordinatingro1eandberesponsib1efortheimp1ementationofthehorizonta1priorityaxisfinancedfromthenationa1enve1ope.Inear1y202Zitwasdecidedthattheimp1ementationofJTFregiona1enve1opeswi11bemanagedbyregiona1authoritiesasanintegra1partoftheirRegiona1Operationa1Programs2023-2027.E1igib1ebeneficiariesarenotstrict1ydefinedindedicatedJTFregu1ation.Inprincip1e,therefore,anytypeofpub1icorprivate1awentity,asdefinedintheCommonProvisionsRegu1ation,qua1ifies,a1though1argeenterprises(thatis,otherthansma11andmediumenterprisesSMEs)canreceiveJTFsupportforproductiveinvestmentson1yin1imitedcases.E1igib1eactivitiesinc1ude(a)thosedirect1y1inkedtoaddressingthesocia1,emp1oyment,economic,andenvironmenta1impactsofthetransitiontocarbonneutra1itytargetsand(b)thosethatcontributetotheimp1ementationoftheTJTP.Intermsofsocia1protectionand1abor,e1igib1eJTFinterventionsinc1ude(a)upski11ingandreski11ingofworkersandjobseekers,(b)jobsearchassistancetojobseekers,(c)1abormarketinc1usionofjobseekers,and(d)otheractivitiestopromotesocia1inc1usion.TheJTFcannotfinanceear1yretirementschemesorcompensationschemesforworkerswhohavebeen1aidoff.ThedraftTJTPforEasternWie1kopo1skafor2023-2027(October2023version)sutesthreeobjectives:(I)bui1dingazero-emission,dynamiccircu1areconomy;(2)ensuringanintegrated,high-qua1ityenvironmentandeconomicspace;and(3)promotinganactivesocietythroughaccesstosocia1servicesandaw