【教育市场研报】世界银行-为我们的未来融资：如何提高北马其顿教育支出的效率（英）-2023_市场营销.docx

BANKTHEWOR1DIBRDIDAIWor1dbankgrouppzoq1n<Jnsops。一一qdPeZcoq<mso1osszndPeZ=OM1n<Jnsopsu=qndPezyofnv nsopsQWWdFinancingourfuture:howtoimprovetheefficiencyofeducationspendinginNorthMacedoniaPo1icybriefFebruary2023Thispo1icybriefaimstodiscussNorthMacedoniazSkeyconstraintsandneededpo1icyresponsesinthefie1dofeducationfinancing,contributingtothedebateonhowtoimprovetheefficiencyofeducationsystemasakeyinvestmentforourfuture.ItdrawsonthefindingspresentedinthezzNorthMacedoniaEducationPub1icFinanceReview“preparedbytheWor1dBank.Educationspendingisinefficientanddec1iningSpendingoneducationbetween2010and2023hasdec1inedfrom5.1percentto4.0percentofGDP(Figure1).Comparedtoregiona1peers(suchasBu1garia,MontenegroandSerbia),NorthMacedoniaspendss1ight1ymoreoneducationasashareofGDP,butfar1essthanothersma11easternEuropeancountries20102011201220132014201520162017201820192023Source:Eurostat,nationa1authorities,andWor1dBankstaffownca1cu1ations.Thesevensma11easternEuropeancountries(7SEE)inc1ude:Bu1garia,Croatia,Estonia,1atvia,1ithuania,S1oveniaandS1ovakia.(1.4percentagepointspp1ess)andtheEU-27(Ipp1ess).Figure2.Thedec1ineoftheshareofeducationspendingasapercentageofthegenera1government(GG)isequa11yhigh.Inamatterofdecade,itcontractedfrom14.6percentin2010to10.4percentin2023(FigureI).Thisisforbe1owtheinternationa11yrecommended1eve1sbytheEducation2030FrameworkforAction,statingthatat1east4-6ofGDPand/orat1east15-20percentoftota1pub1icexpenditureshou1dgotoeducation.https:uis.unesco.org/sites/defau1t/fi1es/documents/education-2030-incheon-framework-for-action-imp1ementation-of-sdg4-2016en2pdfFigure1.Educationfinancinghasbeendec1iningFigure2.7SEEandEU-27spendsignificant1ymoreoneducation(spendingas%ofGDP)7Source:MinistryofFinance(MoF)andWor1dBankstaffownca1cu1ations.However,mobi1izingmoreresourcesison1ypartofthecha11enge.No1essimportantisensuringthatresourcesareusedefficient1y,whichappearstobethebiggercha11engeforNorthMacedonia.Raisingthe1eve1offundingwithoutfirstreducingspendinginefficienciesmaynot1eadtothedesiredoutcomes.PrioritizingreformstostrengthentheefficiencyofspendinginthesystembyensuringthateveryDenarspentde1iversthemaximumpossib1eva1ueisthereforeanessentia1firststepforthecountry.Moreteacherscontinuetobehireddespitethestudentdec1ine.Onaverage,forevery14students1ost,1teacherishired.Thecountryneedstoimprovethesystems*efficiency,intera1iabyconso1idatingtheschoo1network.Thecurrentschoo1networkiscost1ytomaintainandisnotfo11owingdemographicandenro1menttrends.Despiteasignificantdropinstudentsoverthe1astdecade,therehasbeenanover-hiringofteachersintheprimaryandsecondaryschoo1networks.Forexamp1e,between2006and2019,on1y81oca1governments-1Gs(outof80)sawanincreaseinstudents,whi1eatthesametime,a11ofthemincreasedteacherstaff.Inaddition,decisionsonhiringteachershavenotfo11owedaconsistenteconomicrationa1eandthroughouthavenotbeenmerit-based.Overa11,onaverage,forevery14students1ost,therewasoneteacherhired.KicevoandCaskaaretwoparticu1arcases:intheformer,thenumberofstudentsincreasedby354whi1etheteacherstaffincreasedby275,andinthe1atter,thenumberofstudentsincreasedby29whi1e25teacherswerehired(thatis,a1mostonenewteacherhiredforeverynewstudentinbothcases).Asaresu1t,thestudent-teacherratioinNorthMacedoniahasdrastica11ygonedown,totheextentthatitisnowfarbe1owtheOECDaverage(10studentsperteacherinNorthMacedoniaincomparisonwith15studentsperteacherintheOECDcountries).Moreover,thisdec1ineofstudent-teacherratiohasnot1edtoimprovementsinthequa1ityofeducation,asevidencedfurtherdowninthisBrief.Toaddressthis,withsupportfromtheUnitedNationsChi1dren,sFund(UNICEF)andtheWor1dBank,theMinistryofEducationandScience(MoES)haspreparedanetworkoptimizationp1anandamethodo1ogyaccordingtowhichtheoptimizationwou1dtakep1ace.Theintroductionofthenew1ydraftedfundingformu1asforprimaryandsecondaryeducation1eve1sshou1dbeapriority.Thecurrentformu1asprovidenoincentivestooptimizethenetworkandincentivizethemaintenanceoftheMoES,incoordinationwithotherinstitutionsinvo1vedintheeducationprocess,hasdesignednewfundingformu1as(forprimaryandsecondaryeducation),whichofferaso1idopportunityforaddressingtheexistingshortcomings.statusquo,ofdec1iningefficiency,andarenota1waysusedasprescribednorintherightsequence.Thereisevidencethattheformu1aa11ocationsareaffectedbystaffing1eve1sandnotbyenro1mentparametersastheyshou1dbe.Thegoa1shou1dthereforebetoconvertthecurrentunfunctiona1formu1asinto4perstudent*formu1asthatincorporateperformance-basedfinancing,sothattheybegintoexertimpactondecisionsregardingthemanagementofschoo1networksandhumanresourcesineducation,particu1ar1yfor1Gs.Inaddition,budgeting,funding,andreportingprocessesarecomp1ex,disconnectedand1ackc1aritywhich1eadstopooroversightandaccountabi1ity.In2023,theCGprovided97percentofthe4percentofGDPa11ocatedtoeducation.Thus,a1though1Gsfinanceon1y3percentofthecostofpreprimary,primary,andsecondaryeducation,theyhand1e89percentofthespendingatthesecrucia11eve