初中语法之被动语态.docx

被动语态知识剖析一、语态分类：英语动词有两种语态，主动语态(ACtiVeVoiCe)和被动语态(Passivevoice)<,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.Theybui1danewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgeisbui1tovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：be动词+及物动词的过去分词构成。二、主动语态变被动语态的方法：1 .把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2 .把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3 .把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语IWaSinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty(主动)三、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化：时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时态do/doesam/is/are+done-一般过去时态didwas/were+done-般将来时态wi11/sha11/begoingto+dowi11/sha11/begoingto+bedone过去将来时态wou1d/shou1d/begoingto+dowou1d/shou1d/begoingto+bedone现在进行时态am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone过去进行时态was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone现在完成时态have/has+donehave/has+beendone过去完成时态had+donehad+beendone情态动词can/may/must.+docan/may/must.+bedone主要体现在be动词的变化上，列表如下:一般现在时：am/is/are+doneChinesePeop1egrowriceinthesouthernarea.RiceisgrowninthesouthernareabyChinesepeop1e.（被动）2. 一般过去时：was/were+doneTheybui1tanewcarfactory1astmonth.（主动）Anewcarfactorywasbui1tbythem1astmonth.（被动）3. 一般将来时：wi11/begoingto+bedoneTheywi11sendcarsabroadonahugeship.（主动）Carswi11besentabroadonahugeship.（被动）4. 现在进行时：amisare+beingdoneThestudentsarereadingbooksinthec1assroom.（主动）BooksarebeingreadbythestudentsintheC1aSSroom.（被动）5. 过去进行时：was/were+beingdoneTheworkersweremendingthe:roadatthistimeyesterday.（主动）Theroadwasbeingmendedbytheworkersatthistimeyesterday.（被动）6. 现在完成时：have/has+beendoneSomeonehasto1dmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.（主动）Ihavebeento1dthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.（被动）四、含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。情态动词有：can/cou1d,may/might,sha11/shou1d,wi11/wou1d,must,need,haveto。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterc1ass.（主动）Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinbyyouafterc1ass.（被动）五、被动语态的使用1 .当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterc1ass.2 .突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.六、语态转换时所注意的问题1 .主动语态变被动语态时，谓语动词的时态要与原句保持一致，谓语动词单更数要与新主语保持一致。Weboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerwasboughtbyus.”）Anewcomputerwereboughtbyus.（×）2 .含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语（指人）为主语时比较多。Myunc1egavemeapresentyesterday.Iwasgivenapresentbymyunc1eyesterday.如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词to或for,如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomebymyunc1eyesterday.注意：1 ）一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:bring,give,hand,1end,offer,pass,pay,promise,se11,show,take,teach,te11等。Thebookwasshowedtothec1ass.2 ）一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy,cook,choose,do,fix,keep,make,order,paint,p1ay,sing等。Anewskirtwasmadeforme.3 .由动词+介词或副词构成的动词短语，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有:IaUghat,1istento,1ookafter,thinkof,ta1kabout,findout,giveup,handin,thinkover,turndown,workout等.Theprob1emisso1ved.Itneedn,tbeta1kedabout.4 .在fee1,hear,1istento,make,1et,have,notice,see,watch,notice等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,即Ah攵式BdQ.S1hBbeheardto.do.sth.byA.Weoftenhearhimp1aytheguitar.Heisoftenheardtop1aytheguitar.区分：在see,watch,hear,notice等动词后作宾语补足语的为动词的现在分词ing形式时被动句的变法用结构：ASeeBdoingsth.BbeSeendoin口sth.bvAWesawhimp1ayingthepiano.Hewasseenp1ayingthepiano,5 .有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和We11,bad1y,easi1y等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：Write,read,c1ean,se11,wash,cook等。Thec1othwasheseasi1y.这布很好洗。Thenewproductse11swe11.这新产品很畅销。对比：ThebOokSSeI1We11这些书卖的好。（主动句）Thebookswereso1dout.这些书被卖光了。（被动句）6 .在need等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（=toberepaired）.这房子需要修理。7 .下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：1）系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：fee1,1ook,seem,taste,sme11,sound,remain<>Thef1owersme11snice.2）一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takep1ace,breakout,be1ongio,growup等。Thefirebrokeoutinthecapita1bui1ding.3）不及物动词没有被动语态,如：rise,happen,succeed,1ie等。Theaccidenthappenedatmidnight.Ourschoo11iesinHuaYang.8.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：Itissaidthat.据说Itisreportedthat.据报导Itissupposedthat.据推测Itishopedthat.希望Itiswe11knownthat.众所周知Itisgenera11yconsideredthat.普遍认为Itissuggestedthat.有人建议Itisbe1ievedthat.大家相信Itiswe11knownthatThomasEdisoninventedthee1ectric1amp.9.过去分词作后置定语相当于一个含有被动语态的定语从句：精练精析1. Domanyparentsexpecttheirchi1drentogetmarriedear1y?(passivevoice)2. Tinawateredthef1owersyesterday.(Passivevoice)3. Ourschoo1isgoingtoho1dasportsmeetingnextweek.(Passivevoice)4. Jeffisc1eaningtheb1ackboardatpresent.(Passivevoice)5. Themechanicwasfixingthemachineat5yesterday.(Passivevoice)6. Ihavejustnoticedamancomethroughthedoor.(Passivevoice)7. Davidcanso1vethemathprob1emeasi1y.(Passivevoice)8. Theyaregoing1ofurnishanewhouse.(Passivevoice)9. MyfriendTim1entmeabikeyesterday.(Passivevoice)10. Mymumbuysmeanewdresseverysummer.(Passivevoice)11. Ourschoo1putoffthesportsmeetingbecauseofthebadweather.(Passivevoice)12.Miss1iusua11ynoticestheboysinginthec1assroom.(Passivevoice)13.Bobnoticedthethiefjumpingoutofthebui1ding.(Passivevoice)14.这支钢笔很好写。（翻译）15.Herbedroomneedstidying,(thesamemeani