行业报告巴西粮食采购计划的证据和经验教训英20234_市场营销策划_重点报告202305.docx

TaskForce6Acce1eratingSDGs:Exp1oringNewPathwaystothe2030AgendaEVIDENCEAND1ESSONSFROMBRAZI1SFOODPROCUREMENTPROGRAMMEApri12023Gabrie1aPerin,ResearchAssociateandEC1ACConsu1tant,InstituteforApp1iedEconomicResearch(Ipea)FabioVerasSoares,DirectorofInternationa1Studies,InstituteofApp1iedEconomicResearch(Ipea)ONEEARTHONEFAMI1YONEFUTUREAbstractTheCOVID-19pandemicandthewarinUkrainehave1edtoanincreaseinthenumberofpeop1esufferingfromhungerandma1nutrition.Thewar,inparticu1ar,hasaffectedcountriesandcommercia1partnersthatre1yonagricu1tura1commoditiesfrombothRussiaandUkraineasproducersfacedifficu1tiesincommercia1isingtheirproducewiththeincreaseinagricu1tura1inputprices.Brazi1'sProgramadeAquisiaodeA1imentos(FoodProcurementProgramme)isafoodprocurementpo1icybywhichthegovernmentdirect1ypurchasesproducefromsma11-sca1e/fami1yfarmersthataredistributedtothosewhoneedthemmost,identifiedthroughwe1fareservices.Since2003,thePAAhasguaranteedthecommercia1isationoffami1yfarmerproduction,ensuringthattheyhaveaccesstoregu1arincome.Ithasa1soprovidedadequateandhea1thyfoodtofami1iesexperiencingfoodinsecurity.ThisPo1icyBriefrecommendstheadaptationofProgramadeAquisiaodeA1imentosforothercountriesasitcou1dacce1erateprogresstowardstheSustainab1eDeve1opmentGoa1s(SDGs).TheCha11engeFastdeve1opingtechno1ogiesoverthe1astfewdecadeshave1edtotheexpansionofagricu1tura1systems1eadingtoincreaseinfoodproductionandsupp1y,butfoodaccessandnutritiona1securitycontinuestobeacha11enge.In2023,theFoodandAgricu1tureOrganization(FAO)estimatedthat278mi11ionpeop1einAfrica,425mi11ioninAsia,and56.5mi11ionin1atinAmericaandtheCaribbeanwereaffectedbyhunger-20.2,9.1and8.6percentofthepopu1ation,respective1y.1Moreover,accordingtotheFAO,newissuesofuovernourishmenandobesity,andthediseasestheycause,addtothe1ong1istofg1oba1cha11enges.Enhancedcostsinproductionsystems,1owerremunerativepricesforproducers,1oweredresourcebaseofnatura1resources,andeco1ogica1imba1ancesfurthercompoundthecomp1exities.Foodproducers,especia11yfami1yfarmers,arefacingdifficu1tiestoorganisetheirproductionwiththeincreaseinpricesofagricu1tura1inputssuchasferti1isers.2ThisPo1icyBriefaimstopresenttheBrazi1ianfoodprocurementprogramme,ProgramadeAquisiaodeA1imentos(PAA)asatoo1tofighthungerandma1nutritionandsupportfami1yfarmers.PAAisapub1icpo1icyinstrumentthatseekstoexpandtheaccessoffami1yfarmerstomarketsandpromotefoodsecurity.TheBrazi1ianFoodProcurementProgramme:AnOverviewTheBrazi1ianFoodProcurementProgramme(PAAinPortuguese)isapub1icpo1icywhoseobjectiveistopromotefami1yfarmingandcombatfoodinsecurity.ThroughPAA,thegovernmentdirect1yandexc1usive1ypurchasesproducefromfami1yfarmersandde1iverstocommunitiesthatareinneed,asidentifiedby1oca1we1fareservices.34Beforethe1aunchoftheprogrammein2003,fami1yfarmersinBrazi1a1thoughtheyhadthe1argestnumberofrura1farmsoccupiedasma11percentageofthe1andthathadgrossproductionva1ueandfaceddifficu1tiesaccessingthemarket.5Whi1etherewereanumberofpub1icpo1icies6targetedatthemwithaviewtopromotingagricu1ture,theyprovedinadequateandinsufficient.7Theserura1farmers1ivedinconditionsofhungerandpoverty.8ThePAAwascreatedduringPresident1uizInacio1u1adaSi1va'sfirsttermandunderthegovernment'sf1agshipstrategyknownas'HungerZero*.Thep1atformintegratesinasing1epub1icpo1icyaspectsfromtwodifferentpo1icies:i)creatinganinstitutiona1demandcapab1eofstructuringtheproductionoffami1yfarmers,throughtheguaranteeofmarketbypurchasingtheproductsandbypromotingfoodsupp1ythroughtheformationofstrategicstocks;andii)promotingaccesstofoodthroughdirectdonationsforfood-insecurefami1ies.9ThePAAexpandstheaccessoffami1yfarmerstothemarketbya11owingthemtoparticipateinthepub1icfoodprocurementhe1dbythegovernment.AsperBraziTsexisting1awonpub1icprocurement,whenagovernmentinstitutionneedstopurchaseanyproduct,itismandatory10toconductthebiddingprocess.This,however,requirescumbersomebureaucraticworkandiscost1yforfami1yfarmers,preventingthemfromparticipating.ThePAAthenwaivedbiddinganda1sogaveautonomytothenew1ycreatedPAAmanagementcommittee(CGPAAinPortuguese)foradaptingtoproductiverea1ityoffami1yfarmingand1oca1contextthemethodo1ogiesforca1cu1atingpricesprevious1yaimedat1argeproducers.11TheCCPAAisaco11egiatebodywithde1iberativefunction,whichdefinestheguide1inesre1atedtothePAA,havingbeeninstitutedbythesame1awthatcreatedtheprogramme.Its1astformationcomprisedrepresentativesfromtheMinistryofSocia1Deve1opment,theMinistryofAgricu1ture,theMinistryofEconomy,andtheMinistryofEducation.12ThePAAhastwobeneficiaries:supp1iers,i.e.,fami1yfarmerswhose11theirproducetotheprogramme;andconsumersthosewhoreceivetheproductsthroughdonationsorganisedbythewe1fareservices.Fami1yfarmerscanparticipateintheprogrammeeitherindividua11y,orco11ective1ythroughcooperativesandfami1yfarmingassociations.Atpresent,theprogrammeoperatesinfivemoda1ities,eachofthemhavingitsownoperationa1ru1ers,imp1ementingagency,annua11imitonamountspaidtofarmers,andtypeofaccesstotheprogramme(seeTab1e1).Moda1ityDescriptionTab1e1.Moda1it