时文拓展阅读43亚马逊雨林的消亡之路 .docx

时文阅读I亚马逊雨林的消亡之路研究人员揭示了不同规模的生态系统消失的速度，一旦达到临界点，它们就会崩溃，然后变成另外一个生态系统。即便是庞大到像亚马逊雨林这样的超级生态系统，也难以摆脱逐渐消失的命运。面对这样的巨变，我们该何去何从呢？阅读短文并回答问题1argeecosystems（生态系统），suchastheAmazonrainforest,wi11co11apseanddisappeara1arming1yquick1y,onceacrucia1tippingpointisreached,accordingtoca1cu1ationsbasedonrea1-wor1ddata.WritinginNatureCommunications,researchersfromBangorUniversity,SouthamptonUniversityandtheUniversityof1ondon,revea1thespeedatwhichecosystemsofdifferentsizeswi11disappear,oncetheyhavereachedapointbeyondwhichtheyco11apse-transformingintoana1ternativeecosystem.Forexamp1e,oncethe4tpointofnoreturn“isreached,theAmazonrainforestcou1dshifttoasavannah-typeecosystemwithamixoftreesandgrasswithin50years,accordingtotheresearch.Somescientistsarguethatmanyecosystemsarecurrent1yteetering（摇晃）ontheedgeofac1iff,withthefiresanddestructionofboththeAmazonandAustra1ianrainforests.44UnfbrtunateIy,whatourpaperrevea1sisthathumanityneedstoprepareforchangesfarsoonerthanexpected/'saysjoint1eadauthorDrSimonWi11cockofBangorUniversity."Theserapidchangestothewor1d,s1argestandmosttypica1ecosystemswou1dimpactthebenefitswhichtheyprovideuswith,inc1udingeverythingfromfoodandmateria1s,totheoxygenandwaterweneedforEcosystemsmadeupofanumberofinteractingspecies,ratherthanthosedominatedbyonesing1especies,maybemorestab1eandtake1ongertoshifttoa1ternativeecosystemstates."Theseecosystemsprovideopportunitiestomitigateormanagetheworsteffects”,saytheauthors.Forexamp1e,e1ephantsaretermeda“keystone”speciesastheyhaveadisproportionate1y（不成比例地）Iargeimpactonthe1andscape-pushingovertrees,buta1sodispersingseedsover1argedistances.Theauthorsstatethatthe1ossofkeystonespecies,suchasthis,wou1d1eadtoarapidanddramaticchangeinthe1andscapewithinour1ifetime.t4Thisisyetanotherstrongargumenttoavoiddegradingourp1anet,secosystems;weneedtodomoretoconservebiodiversity,saysDrGregoryCooper,Universityof1ondon.1. VVhatisthephenomenondescribedinparagraph2?A. Manyecosystemsareindangercurrent1y.B. 1argeecosystemshavereachedatippingpoint.C. Anewecosystemwi11appearintheAmazonforest.D. Ecosystemsarechangedmain1yduetonatura1disasters.2. VVhatisparagraph3main1yabout?A. Thebenefitsof1argeecosystems.B. Thewaystoprepareforthechanges.C. Theintroductiontotypica1ecosystems.D. Theinf1uencesofecosystems*changesonhumanity.3. Whichofthefo11owingbestexp1ains“mitigate”inthe1astparagraph?A.Cause.B.Ease.C.Increase.D.Judge.4. Whydoestheauthormentione1ephantsinthepassage?A. Toprovethedestructivepowerofe1ephants.C.Topresentthegreatinf1uencesof1argeanima1s.B. Toexp1ainthereasonforthereducinggrass1and.D.Tostresstheimportanceofconservingbiodiversity.【参考答案】ADBD邑单词学习1. savannah-typeadj.稀树草原型的2. tippingpoint引爆点，爆发点3. teeterontheedge/brinkofsth.处在（灾难或危险）的边缘Thehote1isteeteringontheedgeofbankruptcy.这家旅馆正濒临破产。4. dispersev.散布；传播Theseedsaredispersedbythewind.这些种子由风传播。5. conservev.保护；保存1awstoconservewi1d1ife保护野生动物的法令当长难句分析Theserapidchangestothewor1d's1argestandmosttypica1ecosystemswou1dimpactthebenefitswhichtheyprovideuswith,inc1udingeverythingfromfoodandmateria1s,totheoxygenandwaterweneedfor1ife.分析句子主干为“Thesechangeswou1dimpactthebenefits“。"tothewor1d,s1argestandmosttypica1ecosystems”为“changes”的后置定语；“whichtheyprovideus.waterweneedfor1ife”为定语从句，修饰先行词"benefits”；其中"weneedfo*1ife”为省略了“that”的定语从句，修饰先行词“theoxygenandwater,0【翻译】世界上最大、最典型的生态系统的这些快速变化将影响它们为我们提供的好处，包括从食物和材料到我们生命所需的氧气和水。当知识拓展1. NatureCommunications自然通讯杂志，是英国自然杂志周刊下的子刊，自然周刊是世界上最早的国际性科技期刊，自1869年创刊以来，始终如一地报道和评论全球科技领域里最重要的突破。2. BangorUniversity班戈大学，建于1884年，位于威尔士北部，是英国的知名大学之一。3. SouthamptonUniversity南安普顿大学，建于1862年，主校区坐落于英国英格兰汉普郡南安普顿，是英国的顶尖学府。4. TheUniversityof1ondon伦敦大学，建于1836年，位于英国首都伦敦，是由十几所高校和研究机构组成的大学联邦，也被称为“公立联邦制大学”。