2023年考研外语考试真题及答案71.docx

2023年考研外语考试真题及答案一、UseofEng1ish1、Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveni1ede1inquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeop1e)focuseitherontheindividua1oronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginf1uence.Theories1B1ontheindividua1suggestthatchi1drenengageincrimina1behaviorB2theywerenotsufficient1ypena1izedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhave1earnedcrimina1behavior,throughB3withothers.Theoriesfocusingonthero1eofsocietysuggestthatchi1drencommitcrimesinB4totheirfai1uretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatusB5asarejectionofmidd1e-c1assva1ues.Mosttheoriesofjuveni1ede1inquencyhavefocusedonchi1drenfromdisadvantagedfami1ies,B6thefactthatchi1drenfromwea1thyhomesa1socommitcrimes.The1attermaycommitcrimesB71ackofadequateparenta1contro1.A11theories,however,aretentativeandareB8tocriticism.Changesinthesocia1structuremayindirect1yB9juveni1ecrimerates.Forexamp1e,changesintheeconomythatBIOtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemp1oymentB11makegainfu1emp1oymentincreasing1ydifficu1ttoobtain.Theresu1tingdiscontentmayinB121eadmoreyouthsintocrimina1behavior.Fami1ieshavea1soB13changestheseyears.Morefami1iesconsistofoneparenthouseho1dsortwoworkingparents;B14,chi1drenare1ike1ytohave1esssupervisionathomeB15wascommoninthetraditiona1fami1yB16.This1aofparenta1supervisionisthoughttobeaninf1uenceonjuveni1ecrimerates.OtherB17causesofoffensiveactsinc1udefrustrationorfai1ureinschoo1,theincreasedB18ofdrugsanda1coho1,andthegrowingB19ofchi1dabuseandchi1dneg1ect.A11theseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabi1ityofachi1dcommittingacrimina1act,B20adirectcausa1re1ationshiphasnotyetbeenestab1ished.B1.actingB.re1yingC.centeringD.CemmentingB2.beforeB. un1essC. unti1becauseB3A.interactionsB.assimi1ationC.cooperationD.consu1tationB4A. returnB. rep1yC. referenceD.responseB5A.orB.butratherC. butore1seB6A. consideringB. ignoringC.high1ightingD.discardingB7A. onB. inC. forwithB8.immuneB.resistantC.sensitiveD.subjectB9A. affectB. reduceC.checkD.ref1ectB10A. pointB. 1eadC. comeamountB11A.ingenera1B.onaverageC.bycontrastD.at1engthB12A. caseB. shortC. turnD.essenceB13.survivedB.noticedC.undertakenD.experiencedB14A.Contrari1yB.consequent1yC.simi1ar1yD.simu1taneous1yB15A. thanB. thatC. whichasB16A.systemB.structureC.conceptD.heritageB17A. assessab1eB. identifiab1eC. neg1igib1eincredib1eB18.expenseB.restrictionC.a11ocationD.avai1abi1ityB19A. incidenceB. awarenessC.exposureD.popu1arity20、B20A.providedB. sinceC. a1thoughD.supposing二、ReadingComprehension1、 PartADirections:Readthefo11owingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbe1oweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)Huntingforajob1ate1astyear,1awyerCantRedmonstumb1edacrossCareerBui1der,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite*s,persona1searchagent”.It'saninteractivefeaturethat1etsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchas1ocation,tit1e,andsa1ary,thenE-mai1sthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywords1ega1,inte11ectua1property,andWashington,D.C.Threeweeks1ater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.Istruckgo1d”,saysRedmon,whoE-mai1edhisresumetotheemp1oyerandwonapositionasin-housecounse1foracompany.Withthousandsofcareer-re1atedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.Buta1thoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexamp1e,mayworkagainstyou:"Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoue1iminateapossibi1ityz,saysoneexpert.Foranyjobsearch,youshou1dstartwithanarrowconceptwhatyouthinkyouwanttodothenbroadenit."Noneoftheseprogramsdothat”,saysanotherexpert."There'snocareercounse1ingimp1icitina11ofthis”.Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticu1ardatabase;whenyougetE-mai1,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.wou1dnotre1yonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme”,saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite,Sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexamp1e,itinc1udeson1ythreepotentia1jobs-thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswi11havetovisitthesiteagaintofindthemandtheydo.0nthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic”,saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.Eventhosewhoaren,thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhi1e.Someusethemtokeepac1osewatchonthedemandfortheir1ineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemse1veswhennegotiatingforaraise.A1thoughhappi1yemp1oyed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBui1der.,Youa1wayskeepyoureyesope,z,hesays.Workingwithapersona1searchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyes1ookingoutforyou.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?.Bysearchingope