植物生理学专有名词定义题.docx

P1easegivedefinitionofthefo11owingbotanica1terms06A1 .1EndomembranesystemCo11ective1y,thece11u1armembranesthatformacontinuum(p1asmamembrane,tonop1ast,endop1asmicreticu1um,Go1gibodies,andnuc1earenve1ope).1.2CrossingoverTheexchangeofcorrespondingsegmentsofgeneticmateria1betweenthechromatidsofhomo1ogouschromosomesatmeiosis.1 3CasparianstripAband1ikeregionofprimarywa11containingsuberinand1ignin;foundinantic1ina1-radia1andtransverse-wa11sofendoderma1andexoderma1ce11s.1.4 SporicmeiosisMeiosisresu1tingintheformationofhap1oidsporesbyadip1oidindividua1,orsporophyte;thesporesgiverisetohap1oidindividua1s,orgametophytes,whicheventua11yproducegametesthatfusetoformdip1oidzygote;thezygotes,inturn,deve1opintosporophytes;thiskindof1ifecyc1eisknownasana1ternationofgenerations.1.5 BasidiosporesSporesofthebasidiomycota9producedwithinandbomeonabasidiumfo11owingnuc1earfusionandmeiosis.1 6TypespecimenUsua11yadriedp1antspecimenhousedinanherbarium;se1ectedbyataxonomisttoserveasthebasisforcomparisonwithotherspecimensindeterminingwhethertheyaremembersofthesamespeciesornot1.7Uni1ocu1arsporangiumTheuni1ocu1arreproductivestructureswhichwereproducedbydip1oidsporophytestoformhap1oidzoosporesthatgerminatetoproducegametophytes,meiosisfirst1ytakesp1acewithintheuni1ocu1arsporangia.1 8SorusAgrouporc1usterofsporangiaorsporesinferns.1.9 Ovu1iferoussca1esIncertainconifers,theappendageorsca1e1ikeshoottowhichtheovu1eattached.110Parieta1p1acentationOfp1acentation,withp1acentaspositionedonthewa11ofauni1ocu1arcompoundovaryandovu1esattachedtotheouterwa11oftheovaryinsteadoftheaxisandpointinginwards.06B1.10 Protop1astTheprotop1asmofanindividua1ce11;inp1ants,theunitofprotop1asminsidethece11wa11.1.11 ChiasmataTheX-shapedfigureformedbythemeetingoftwononsisterchromatidsofhomo1ogouschromosomes;thesiteofcrossing-over.1.12 Metaxy1emThepartofprimaryxy1emthatdifferentiatesaftertheprotoxy1em;themetaxy1emreachesmaturityaftertheportionofthep1antpartinwhichitis1ocatedhasfinishede1ongating.1.13 GameticmeiosisMeiosisresu1tingintheformationofhap1oidgametesfromadip1oidindividua1;thegametesfusetoformadip1oidzygotethatdividestoformanotherdip1oidindividua1.1.14 C1osedvascu1arbund1eAvascu1arbund1einwhichacambiumdoesnotdeve1op.1.15 Binomia1systemofnomenc1atureAccordingtoInternationa1CodeofBotanica1Nomenc1ature,thescientificnameofaparticu1arp1antspeciesshou1dbecomposedoftwowords.Thefirstoneisgenusname,ofwhichthefirst1ettershou1dbecapita1ized,andthesecondoneisthespecificepithet.1.16 Conchoce1isTheinconspicuousredfi1aments,whichgrowsinseashe11s,arethedip1oidphaseoftheedib1e,b1ade-fbrmingseaweedPorphyra(thehap1oidphase).1.17 Axi1ep1acentationOvu1esarebomeatoraroundthecenterofacompoundovaryonanaxisformedfromjoinedsepta.1.18 Indeterminateinf1orescencesF1owersmaybec1usteredinvariouswaysintoaggregationsca11edinf1orescences.Inindeterminateinf1orescences,theyoungestf1owersareatthetopofane1ongatedaxisoronthecentreofatruncatedaxis.Anindeterminateinf1orescencemaybearaceme,panic1e,spike,catkin,corymb,umbe1,spadix,orhead.1.19 EmbryosacThefema1egametophyteofangiosperms,genera11yaneight-nuc1eate,seven-ce11edstructure;thesevence11saretheeggce11,twosynergidsandthreeantipoda1s(eachwithasing1enuc1eus),andthecentra1ce11(withtwonuc1ei).07A1 .1P1anttaxonomy:Invo1vingthenamingandc1assifyingofp1antsandstudyingthere1ationshipsamongthem.1.2 P1asmodesmata:Theminutecytop1asmicthreadsthatextendthroughopeningsince11wa11sandconnecttheprotop1astsofadjacent1ivingce11s.1.3 Phragmop1ast:Aspind1e-shapedsystemoffibri1s,whicharisesbetweentwodaughternuc1eiatte1ophaseandwithinwhichthece11p1ateisformedduringce11division,orcytokinesis.Thefibri1softhephragmop1astarecomposedofmicrotubu1es.Phragmop1astsareformedina11greena1gaeexceptthemembersofthec1assCh1orophyceaeandinp1ants.1.4 A1ternationofheteromorphicgenerations:Areproductivecyc1einwhichahap1oidphase,thegametophyte,producesgametes,which,afterfusioninpairstoformazygote,germinate,producingadip1oidphase,sporophyte.Sporesproducedbymeioticdivisionfromthesporophytegiverisetonewgametophytes,comp1etingthecyc1e.Sporophyte1ooksdifferentwithgametophyteinexterna1appearance.1.5 Bu11ifbrmce11:A1argeepiderma1ce11present,withothersuchce11s,in1ongitudina1rowsingrass1eaves;a1soca11edmotorce11.Be1ievedtobeinvo1vedwiththemechanismofro11ingandunro11ingofthe1eaves.1.6 Interfascicu1arcambium:Thevascu1arcambiumarisingbetweenthefascic1e,orvascu1arbund1es,frominterfascicu1arparenchyma.1.7 Protonema：Thefirststageindeve1opmentofthegametophyteofmossesandcertain1iverwort;protonematamaybefi1amentousorp1ate1ike.1.8 Ovu1iferoussca1es:Incertainconifers,theappendageorsca1e1ikeshoottowhichtheovu1eattached.1.9 Hypogynousf1ower:Perianthandstamensaresituatedonthereceptac1ebeneaththeovaryandfreefromitandfromtheca1yx.1.10 Axi1ep1acentation:Insomef1owers,theovu1esarebomeonacentra1co1umnoftissueinapartitionedovarywithasmanyIocu1eastherearecarpe1s.07B1. 1P1antanatomy：Thestudyofp1antinterna1structure.1.2Tonop1ast:Thecytop1asmicmembrance