初中语法之主谓一致.docx

回知识增单英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和单复数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其他代词一致。谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。I知识点1主谓一致三原则原则释义例子1.语法一致指主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用更数形式FrankhasmadegreatprogressinChinesesincehecametoChina.TheBrownsareveryfondofworkingonthefarm.2.意义一致指从意义入手来处理主谓一致。有时，主语为单数，但意义上为复数，谓语动词倚意义而定，即采用复数形式。Thewriterandprofessorisinvitedtomanyuniversitiestode1iver1ectures.Theo1dareverywe11takencareofinourcountry.3.就近一致指谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语一致Noton1ythestudentsbuta1sotheteacherwishesforaho1iday.口知识点2考点清单一、名词作主语的主谓一致1 .集合名词如c1ass,fami1y,group,crowd,team,audience,army,popu1ation,crew,company,enemy,government,pub1ic,等作主语时，若视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若着眼于个体或者成员，谓语动词用复数形式Ourbasketba11teamhasbeeninvitedtop1ayinanothercity!Ourbasketba11teamarehavingbathsandthencomingbacktotheRoseHote1fordinner.2 .有些集合名词如staff,catt1e,peop1e,po1ice等，总是跟谓语动词的复数形式。Catt1efeedongrass.3 .有些集合名词furniture,equipment,baggage(1uggage),c1othing,jewe11ery,machinery等作主语时，谓语动词总是用单数形式。Isa11thefurnitureinitscorrectposition?4 .有些以-S结尾的由两部分组成的表示衣服或者工具的名词如g1asses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors,SOCkS,stockings,pants,boots,compasses等常被视作复数，当它们作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；若这类名词前有pair(s)of.时，谓语动词的单复数要与Pair(S)保持一致。Haha.,yourg1assesareonyournose.Apairofg1assescostsquitea1otnow.5 .有些以-S结尾的名词如news、学科名词PhySiCS,maths,po1itics等、国家名、组织机构名、书刊名等,谓语动词用单数形式。TheUnitedStateswasfoundedonJu1y4th,1776.MathsMr.Smithteachesisveryinteresting.Wea111ikehis1essons.6 .一些形式上为复数的名词如goods,c1othes,surroundings,theO1ympicGames,sa1es,be1ongs等作主语时，谓语动词用。TheO1ympicGamesaregrowingsobigthatmostcitiesmaynotbeab1etohosttheminfuture.7 .单复数同形的名词如Sheep,fish,deer,WOrkS(工厂)，SPeCieS(种类)，means(方法)，series等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式视句中所表达的意思而定。Therearedifferentmeansofcommunicatingwithastranger.Eachmeanshasbeentriedtoso1vetheprob1em,butnoneiseffective.8 .表示时间、金钱、重量、距离、长度等的复数形式的名词作主语时，常被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Eighteurosisenoughtopayforthepants.Threehundredki1ometersfromChengdutoChongqingisquitea1ongdrive,isn,tit?二、含有修饰语的名词的主谓一致1. anumberof+复数名词表示“许多”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；44thenumberof+复数名词”表示”的数目”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Anumberofstudentsarep1antingtreesonthehi11.Thenumberofstudentsinourschoo1hasgrownfrom1,8(X)tomorethan2,500.2. some,a1otof,1otsof,p1entyof,a11of,mostof,therestof,partof,oneha1fof等修饰名词时，其谓语动词的形式视被修饰的名词的数而定。A1otoftimewaswastedonthatwork.Partoftheforeignteachersinourschoo1arefromJapan.3. aquantityof+复数名词/不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；(1arge)quantitiesof+复数名词/不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。A1argequantityofwashingmachineshasbeenso1dout.Greatquantitiesofsandwerewasheddownthehi11sidebytherain1astnight.4. “百分数、分数+of+名词”作主语时，一般跟Of后的名词的数来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。Twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.50%ofthebooksarewritteninEng1ish.5. IhemajOriIyof+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；themajori1y单独作主语时，谓语动词即可用单数形式也可以用复数形式。Themajorityofpeop1eseemtopreferTVtoradio.Themajorityagree(s)withme.6. aseriesof+名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。Aseriesoftapeshasbeenpreparedfor1anguage1aboratoryuse.7. “morethanone+单数名词”或者"manya+单数名词''作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“more+复数名词+thanone”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Morethanoneboyhasreadthestory.三、代词作主语的主谓一致1a11（单独作主语）指人时，谓语动词用复数形式；指物时，谓语动词常用单数形式。A11arepresentbesidesKobeBeanBryant.A11isgoingonverywe11.2 .none作主语时，如果指人或者可数的物，指数目，谓语动词单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，指量，谓语动词用单数形式。Noneofthedear1eader'sthreesonsseem（s）readytofi11hisshoes.Erichasspenta11hismoneyonthisgames.Noneis1eft.3 .不定代词either,neither,each,one,theother,another,someone,anybody,noone等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。Someonehasparkedthesharingbikeinthestreet.Nooneisactua11yab1etocomp1etetheworkinsuchashorttime.4 .neitherofei1herof+复数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可（常用复数）。Neitherofthoseheadphonesis/aretryingtoimpressyou.5 .“eachof+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；”复数名词或者代词+each”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Eachofthem1ikesp1ayingpingpong.=Theyeach1ikep1ayingpingpong.6 .such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式因其意义而定。The1itt1egir1wantsabigbedandmanytoys.Suchareherwishes.Suchwasmypredictionadecadesago,andFmstickingtoit.7 .在定语从句中，关系代词Who,which,Ihat等作主语时，其后的谓语动词的形式视先行词的数而定。若先行词是OneOf+复数名词，从句谓语动词用复数形式；若One前有Ihe等限定时，从句谓语动词应用单数形式。Thosewhohaveseenthefi1mWanderingEarthputupyourhandsp1ease.Sheisoneofthegir1sinourc1asswhoknowFrench.Sheistheon1yoneofthegir1sinourc1asswhoknowsFrench.四、动名词短语、不定式短语或者名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Tobeornottobeisaquestion.五、并列结构中的一部分作主语的主谓一致1 .就近一致.or.,either.or.,neither.nor.,noton1y.buta1so.,not.but.连接的词作主语时，谓语动词与靠近的主语一致，即就近一致原则。Eitheryouorsheistogo.Noton1ythestudentsbuta1sotheteacherreadsEng1isheveryday.2 .就远一致“名词或者代词A+with/togetherwith/a1ongwith/aswe11as/suchas/1ike/inc1uding/besides/but/except/inadditionto/ratherIhan（而不是）+名词或者代词B”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由“名词或者代词A”来定，即就远原则。Theteacher,aswe11asthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity.Theboysinc1udingJamesareverygoodatEng1ish.3.and由and连接的两个并列主语并列主语表示不同的人或者物或者由both.and连接时，谓语用复数形式Myfriendandmy1awyerhavecaughtabadco1d.并列主语表示同一人、事、概念，共用冠词，谓语用单数形式Thedancerandsingerispopu1arinyouths.连接的两个单数主语前有every,each,no,manya修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式Eachgir1andeachboyinthevi11agewasgivenanewschoo1bag.oneandaha1f+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数；one+单数名