Unit How can we become good learners知识点整理.docx

Unit1Howcanwebecomegood1earners?语法一介词by的用法1.by意为“通过”,其后常接名词或动词-ing形式。用来表示“以、通过、用（某种方法或手段）”而达到某种预期的目的，常用来回答也引导的特殊疑问句。bydoingSth意为“通过做某事”一HowdoestheboyimprovehisspokenEng1ish?Byta1kingwithaforeigner.（1）-Howdoyou1earnEng1ishsowe11?;chattingwithmyunc1einAmericaon1ine.A.ByB.WithC.InDAnd（2）JacksonstudiedChinesebytapes.A.1isteningB.to1istenC.1isteningtoD.to1isteningto2 .by+时间，意为“不迟于，在之前"Ihavetogotobedbyteno,c1ock.3 .by+地点，意为“在旁"Jimsatdownbythewindow.4 .by+交通工具，意为“乘"Igotoschoo1bybike.5 .由by构成的固定短语：bytheWay顺便说一下byOneSeIf独自=a1one二.现在完成时的用法（一）用法:1.表示过去发生的某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果.常用的标志词有a1ready（“已经”，用于肯定句）,yet（“还,已经”，用于否定句和疑问句）,ever（“曾经"），never（“绝不，从不”）Just（“刚刚”），before（"以前"）QnCe（“一次”），twice（“两次”）.1 havea1readyeatenthedinner.（说明我现在饱了）。Ihavea1readyseenthefi1m.（I）Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.Ihersevera1times.A.meetB.wi11meetC.havemet2 2）Hifguys.Whereareyouheading（向行进）now?Home.Wea11ourmoney,sowehavetowa1khomenow.A.spendB.spentC.havespentD.arespending（3）Haveyoueverseenhim?A.agoB.twodaysagoC.beforeD.justnow2.表示过去发生的某一动作或状态，一直持续到现在。经常与时间状语for±时间段,since+时间点或一般过去时从句，如：forfiveminutes（5分钟）SinCe1985（自从1985年一宜到现在）.sincehewasfiveyearso1d（自从他是五岁的时候一直到现在）现在完成时的标志语还有SOfar”到目前为止”注意：此时谓语动词要用延续性动词，若是非延续性动词要变成延续性动词。1eave-beawayborrow-keepbuy-havebegi-beondie-bedeadjoin-beamemberOfgo/come-beinopen-beopenbecome-be1havewaitedforyouforthreehours.我一直等你等了三个小时。Hehasbeenawayforamonth.他己经离开一个月T。（hasbeenaway不能用has1eft）Herbrotherhasbeenamemberofarmyforthreeyears.（hasbeenamemberofarmy不能用hasjoinedarmy）HanMeihaskeptthebooksince1astweek,（haskept不能用hasborrowed）（I）Imyhometownfora1ongtime.1rea11ymissit.A.1eftB.wentawayfromC.have1eftD.havebeenawayfrom（2） Howdoyou1ikeyourEng1ishteacher?-Heisgreat.Wea111ovehim.Wefriendssincethreeyearsago.A.wereB.havemadeC.havebeenD.havebecome（3）-Anna,youChineseisgood.haveyoubeeninChina?-SinceIwasten.A.How1ongB.HowfarC.HowoftenD.Howsoon（4） Hasthemoviebegun?Yes,itforfiveminutes.A.hasbegunB.beganC.hasbeenon（二）现在完成时的肯定句,否定句和疑问句的构成1 .现在完成时的肯定句的构成是:主语+havehas+动词过去分词+其他.（have用于各种人称,has用于第三人称单数）Hehasa1readypostedtheIetter.(他已经寄了那封信)2 .现在完成时的否定句的构成是:主语+havehas+not+动词过去分词+其他.Hehasn,tpostedthe1etteryet.他还没有寄那封信(注意:否定句中要把a1ready变成yet)3 .现在完成时的一般疑问句的构成是:HaVezHas+主语+动词过去分词+其他.肯定回答是YeS,主语+have/has否定回答是No,主语+haven'thasn'tHashepostedthe1etteryet?Yes,hehasNo,hehasn,t()havehasgoneto与have/hasbeento的区别1.have/hasgoneto意为“已经去地方了(还没回来，不在说话人所在的地方)”Whereis1i1ei?Hehasgonetoschoo1.4 .have/hasbeento意为“曾经去过地方(已回来)Wherehaveyoubeen?-Ihavebeentothe1ibrary.(I)Sheisn'tatthecinemanowbecauseshethe1ibrary.A.hasbeentoB.havebeentoC.hasgonetoD.havegoneto(2) -IthinkthemanovertheremustheBob.-Itbehim.HehastoAustra1ia.A.can't;goneB.can't;beenC.maynot;beenD.mustn't;gone(3) -HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?YesfIthere1astyearwithmyparents.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.wentD.go(4) 一WhereisJhon?-Hethesupermarket.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasgoneSectionA1.askforsth索要某物askSbforSth”向某人索要某物”Heaskedhismotherforsomemoney.(J)Hea1waysasksmeadvicewhateverhedoes.A.forB.OnC.of(2) Shewrotetoherfriendandinformationaboutcomputerprogramming.A.askedforB.wentforC.caredforD.paidfor2 .thewaytodosth=thewayofdoingsth.”做某事的方法”3 .区分watch,see,read和1ook(1)watch强调看正在运动或变化的事物。多指看电视、堡像、比赛、表演等。(2)see用于看电影,Wesawawonderfu1fi1myesterday.另外See侧重于结果，指“看见，看到“Canyouseethebirdinthetree?(3)read意为“看”时，指“阅读；朗读”，后面接由、报纸、杂志等。He1ikesreadingstorybooks.(4) 1ook强调“看”的过程，后面接宾语，则用Iooka11ookattheb1ackboard,p1ease.1ook!Theboyiswatchingthefootba11game.Hisfatherisseeingafi1m,andhismotherisreadinganewspaper.(1)Jinhasmanybooks.He1ikesthemverymuch.A.readingB.seeingC.1ookingD.watching(2)!YaoMingisinthebasketba11game.1et'sit.A.1ook;1ookB.Watch;watchC.1ook;watchD.Watch;1ook4 .haveconversationswithsb.”和某人交谈”Hehadconversationswithhissonyesterday.5 .Whatabout？=HoWabout？意为"怎么样”或"好不好？”接代词宾格或动词-in/Ithinkthisisagoodidea.Whataboutyou?WhataboutvisitingtheEast1ake?一Wedon'thavemuchhomeworkthisweekend.Canwegoouttogether?OK.Whataboutamovie?A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.sees6 .a1oud”大声地，出声地"reada1oud朗读IOUdIy"大声地，吵闹地”，强调声音喧闹，不悦耳。Theboysareta1kinginthec1assanditmakestheteacherunhappy.A.a1oudB.1oud1yC.1ouderD.1oud7在英语中.可以用动词不定式形式表示目的.译为“为了”。Wehavetostudyhardtofindagoodjob.(1) toschoo1ontime,1needtogetupat6:00am.A.GetsB.GettingC.TogetD.get(2)Howkindyouare!Youa1waysdowhatyoucanothers.A.he1pB.he1pingC.he1psD.tohe1p8 .practicedoingsth.“练习做某事”Weshou1dpracticeEng1ishasmuchaspossib1e.A.speakB.speakingC.tospeakD.speakin9 .thatway=inthatWay用那种方法thisWay=inthisWay用这种方法Fina11yIfoundmyunc1ethatway.10 .It+is+形容词+(for/OfSb)todosth.意为“做某事对于某人来说是的”在此句型中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是由血回1。当形容词是描述人的性格、品质的词如是nd,nice,c1ever,foo1ish时用Ofsb,其他大多都用forsb.Itwasverydifficu1tformetofinishtheworkontime.It'SkindOfyoutote11methat.It'spo1iteforstudentshe11ototeachers.A.tosayB.sayingC.saysD.say11 .aIitt1e=abit=a1itt1ebit=kindOf意为“一点儿；少许”都可以用来修饰世容词/副词oaIitt