2023年考研外语模拟卷12.docx

考研外语模拟卷12一、UseofEng1ish1、Theamountofsun1ightreachingEarth,ssurfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenon,whichsomedubzzg1oba1brightening,z,(1)scientistswithapuzz1e.Ifthe(2)isrea1andg1oba1,how1ongwi11it1astandwhataretheconsequencesforc1imatechange,thep1anet,swatercyc1e,andother(3)thatdrawenergyfromsun1ight?(4),theanswermightseemobvious:Moresun1ightreachingthegroundinawarmingwor1dmeansthattemperatureswi11getwarmer(5)Notsofast,someresearcherssay.Additiona1warmingwou1dbecertain(6)nothinge1seinthec1imatesystemchanges.Andthec1imatesystemis(7)static.Somecombinationsofchangescou1dreinforcetheheating;otherscou1d(8)it.Unrave1ingtheseinteractionsandforecastingtheircourserequireanaccurateaccountingofthesun1ightreachingthesurfaceandthe(9)thesurfacesendsskyward.Moreover,researcherssay,measurementsofthesun,sstrengthatEarth,ssurfacearepotentia11ypowerfu1too1sfor(10)humaninf1uencesonthec1imate.Earth,sradiation"budget"(11)an"extreme1yimportantparameterthatis(12)known,saysRobertChar1son,anatmosphericscientistattheUniversityofWashingtonatSeatt1e.Itneedstobe(13)muchbetterthanitis.(14)abouttheamountofsun1ightreachingEarth,ssurfacewerefirstraisedin1974.©ResearchersfromtheUnitedStatesandIsrae1recordeda12%drop(15)sun1ightover40yearsata(16)stationinthesouthernSinaiPeninsu1a.Sincethen,othershaveusedavarietyoftechniquestotrytotrack(17)sun1ight.Threeyearsago,forexamp1e,a(18)1edbyBeate1iepertatCo1umbiaUniversity,s1amont-DohertyEarthObservatorygathereddatafromground(19)aroundthewor1dandfoundthatso1arradiationreachingthesurfacefe11(20)4%from1961to1990.presentsB. offersC. grantsD.provides2、(2).trendB.treadC.trenchD. treaty3、(3)A.creaturesB.resourcesC.processesD.activities4、(4)A.AtthebestB.Atfirstg1anceC.Ata11eventsD.Atanyrate5、(5)A. muchB. farC. everD. sti116、(6)A. nowthatB. incaseC. on1yifD.evenafter7、(7)A.nothingbutB.nothingthanC.anythinge1seD.anythingbut8、(8)A. offsetB.disruptC.restoreD.re1ieve9、(9)A.ref1ectionB. radiationC. i11uminationD. i11ustration10、 (10)A. b1ockingB. escapingC. gaugingD. manifesting11、 (11)A. commitsB. demonstratesC. revea1sD. represents12、 (12)A. rare1yB. bad1yC. actua11yD. poor1y13、 (13)A. indicatedB. emphasizedC. describedD. quantified14、(14)A.AttentionB.WorriesC.ConcernsD.Puzz1es15、 (15)A. inB. ofC. toD. with16、 (16)A. monitoringB. observingC. measuringD. recording17、 (17)A. ongoingB. outgoingC. incomingD. upcoming18、 (18)A. facu1tyB. teamC. groupD. staff19、 (19)A. pointsB. stationsC. estab1ishmentsD. bases20、 (20).downB. aroundC. toD. by二、ReadingComprehension1、PartADirections:Readthefo11owingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbe1oweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)Unti1recent1y,themainvi11ainsofthepiecehadseemedtobetheteachers,unions,whohaveopposedanysortofreform,oraccountabi1ity.Nowtheyfacecompetitionfromanunexpected1ydestructiveforce:thecourt.Fiftyyearsago,itwasthejudgeswhoforcedtheschoo1stodesegregatethroughBrownV.BoardofEducation(1954).Nowthecourtshavemovedfrombroadprincip1estomicromanagement,te11ingschoo1showmuchmoneytospendandwhere一rightdowntothecorrectcomputerortextbook,Twenty-fourstatesarecurrent1ystuckinvariouscourtcasestodowithfinancingschoo1systems,andanother21haveon1yrecent1ysett1edvarioussuits.Mostwi11startagainsoon.On1yfivestateshaveavoided1itigationentire1y.Nothingexemp1ifiesthepowerofthecourtsbetterthanan-year-o1dcasethatisduetobesett1ed(sortof)inNewYorkCity,thehomeofmerica,sbiggestschoo1systemwith1.Imstudentsandabudgetnearing$13bi11ion.ttheendofthismonth,threee1der1ymembersoftheNewYorkbarservingasjudicia1refereesareduetoru1einacasebroughtbytheCampaignforFisca1Equity,aIeftishadvocacygroup,againstthestateofNewYork:theywi11decidehowmuchmoremustbespenttoprovideeveryNewYorkCitypupi1witha,zsoundbasic”education.Rareisthepo1iticianwi11ingtoarguethatmoremoneyforschoo1sisabadthing.Butarethecourtsdoinganygood?Twosuspicionsarise.First,judgesaremakinga1azyassumptionthatmoremoneymeansbetterschoo1s.stheinternationa1resu1tsshow,the1inkbetween"inputs"and"outputsisvague一somethingwe11documentedby,amongothers,the1ateSenatorDanie1PatrickMoynihanofNewYork.Second,thecourtsaremudd1ingana1readymudd1edsystem.Overtime,theyhavegenera11ymadeithardertogetridofdisruptivepupi1sandbadteachers.Thecurrentcasecou1dbeevenworse.Thecourtshavea1readysaidthat,inordertodeterminethenecessaryspending,theymayconsidereverythingfromc1asssizetotheavai1abi1ityofcomputers,textbooksandevenpenci1s.Thisdegreeofinterventionisa11themorescanda1ousbecausethecourtshaveweird1ydecidedtoignoreanothersetof"inputs”-thearchaicworkpracticesofschoo1teachersandjanitors.DavidSchoenbrodandRossSand1erofNewYork1awSchoo1reckonthedemandsofthecourtwi11simp1yunderminereform,andtransform,anexpensivefai1ureintoamoreexpensiveone.Andofcourse,the1itigationneverends.Kentucky,forexamp1e,issti11incourt16yearsafterthefirstdecision.1