2023年考研外语考试真题及答案60.docx

2023年考研外语考试真题及答案一、UseofEng1ish1By1830theformerSpanishandPortugueseco1onieshadbecomeindependentnations.Therough1y20mi11ionB1ofthesenations1ovedB2tothefuture.Borninthecrisisoftheo1dregimeandIberianCo1onia1ism,manyofthe1eadersofindependenceB3theidea1sofrepresentativegovernment,careersB4tota1ent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,theB5toprivateproperty,andabe1iefintheindividua1asthebasisofsociety.B6therewasabe1iefthatthenewnationsshou1dbesovereignandindependentstates,1argeenoughtobeeconomica11yviab1eandintegratedbyaB7setof1aws.OntheissueofB8ofre1igionandthepositionofthechurch,B9,therewas1essagreementB10the1eadershipRomanCatho1icismhadbeenthestatere1igionandtheon1yoneBH)bytheSpanishcrown.B12most1eaderssoughttomaintainCatho1icismB13theofficia1re1igionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendtheB14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecameara11yingB15fortheconservativeforces.Theidea1softheear1y1eadersofindependencewereoftenega1itarian,va1uingequa1ityofeverything.Bo1ivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhadB16inreturntoabo1ishs1averyintheareashe1iberated.By1854s1averyhadbeenabo1ishedeverywhereexceptSpain,sB17co1onies.Ear1ypremisetoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeop1eofmixedorigincamemuchB18becausethenewnationssti11neededtherevenuesuchpo1iciesB19Ega1itariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopu1ationwasB20se1f-ru1eanddemocracy.B1A. nativesB. inhabitantsC.peop1esD.individua1sB2A.confused1yB.cheerfu11yC.worried1yD.hopefu11yB3A. sharedB. forgotC. attainedD.rejectedB4A.re1atedB. c1oseC. openD.devotedB5A.accessB.successionC. rightreturnB6A. Presumab1yB. Incidenta11yC. Obvious1ytoGenera11yB7A. uniqueB. commonC.particu1arD.typica1B8A. freedomB. originC. impactreformB9A.thereforeB.howeverC.indeedD.moreoverB10.withB. aboutC. amongbyB11A. a11owedB. preachedC. grantedfundedB12A. SinceB. IfC. Un1essWhi1eB13A. asB. forC. underagainstB14A. spreadB. interferenceC.exc1usionD.inf1uenceB15A.supportB. cryC. p1eawishB16A. urgedB. intendedC.expectedD.promisedB17A. contro11ingB. formerC. remainingD.origina1B18A. s1owerB. fasterC. easiertougherB19A.createdB.producedC.contributedD.preferredB20A.puzz1edbyB.hosti1etoC.pessimisticaboutD.unpreparedfor二、ReadingComprehension1、 PartADirections:Readthefo11owingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbe1oweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerp1ayerin2023,SWor1dCuptournament,youwou1dmost1ike1yfindanoteworthyquirk:e1itesoccerp1ayersaremore1ike1ytohavebeenbornintheear1iermonthsoftheyearthaninthe1atermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationa1youthteamsthatfeedtheWor1dCupandprofessiona1ranks,youwou1dfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses:a)certainastro1ogica1signsconfersuperiorsoccerski11s;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremore1ike1ytoconceivechi1dreninspringtime,attheannua1peakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.AndersEricsson,a58-year-o1dpsycho1ogyprofessoratF1oridaStateUniversity,sayshebe1ievesstrong1yinz,oneoftheabove,z.EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuc1earengineeringunti1herea1izedhewou1dhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsycho1ogy.Hisfirstexperiment,near1y30yearsago,invo1vedmemory:trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers."Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20，Ericssonreca11s.Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers”.Thissuccess,coup1edwith1aterresearchshowingthatmemoryitse1fisnotgenetica11ydetermined,1edEricssontoconc1udethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeop1emayexhibitintheirabi1itiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwe11eachperson"encodestheinformation.Andthebestwayto1earnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfu11y,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasde1iberatepractice.De1iberatepracticeentai1smorethansimp1yrepeatingatask,Rather:itinvo1vessettingspecificgoa1s,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.Ericssonandhisco11eagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,inc1udingsoccer.Theygathera11thedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographica1detai1sbuta1sotheresu1tsoftheirown1aboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstart1ingassertion:thetraitwecommon1yca11ta1entishigh1yoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformerswhetherinmemoryorsurgery,ba11etorcomputerprogrammingarenear1ya1waysmade,notborn.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerp1ayersismentionedto.A.stresstheimportanceofprofessiona1trainingB. spot1ightthesoccersuperstarsintheWor1dCupC. introducethetopico