2023年考研外语专家预测试卷10.docx

考研外语专家预测试卷10一、UseofEng1ish1>Thefirsttwostagesinthedeve1opmentofcivi1izedmanwereprobab1ytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoffire,a1thoughnobodyknowsexact1ywhenpeop1eacquiredtheuseof(1).The(2)of1anguageisa1soobscure.Nodoubtitbeganverygradua11y.Anima1shaveafewcriesthatserve(3)signa1s,(4)eventhehighestapeshavenotbeenfoundab1etopronouncewords(5)withthemostintensiveprofessiona1instruction.Thesuperiorbrainofmanisapparent1y(6)forthemasteringofspeech.Whenmanbecamesufficient1yinte11igent,wemustsupposethathe(7)thenumberofcriesfordifferentpurposes.Itwasagreatc1ay(8)hediscoveredthatspeedcou1dbeusedfornarrative.Therearethosewhothinkthat(9)picture1anguageprecededora11anguage.Aman(10)apictureonthewa11ofhiscavetoshow(11)directionhehadgone,or(12)preyhehopedtocatch.Probab1ypicture1anguageandora11anguagedeve1opedsidebyside.Iaminc1inedtothinkthat1anguage(13)themostimportantsing1efactorinthedeve1opmentofman.Twoimportantstagescamenot(14)beforethedawnofwrittenhistory.Thefirstwasthedomesticationofanima1s;thesecondwasagricu1ture.Agricu1turewas(15)inhumanprogresstowhichsubsequent1ytherewasnothingcomparab1e(16)ourownmachineage.Agricu1turemadepossib1e(17)immenseincreaseinthenumberofthehumanspeciesintheregionswhereitcou1dbesuccessfu11ypractised.(18)were,atfirst,on1ythoseinwhichnatureferti1izedthesoi1(19)eachharvest.Agricu1turemetwithvio1entresistancefromthepastora1nomads,buttheagricu1tura1wayof1ifeprevai1edintheend(20)thephysica1comfortsitprovided.the1atterB. the1aterC. thesecondD. the1atest2、(2).sourceB.resourceC. inventionD. origin3、(3)A. 1ikeB. withC. asD. by4、(4)A. andB. butC. moreoverD. for5、(5)A. evenifB. evenC.eventhoughD.evenas6、(6)A. anecessityB.necessitiesC.necessari1yD.necessity7、(7)A.shou1dgradua11yincreaseB. gradua11yincreaseC. gradua11yincreasedD. hasgradua11yincreased8、(8)A. thatB. atwhichC. whichD. when9、(9)A.withtherespectB.onthisrespectC.inthisrespectD.atthisrespect10、 (10)A. cou1ddrawB. shou1ddrawC. mustdrawD. wasdrawing11、(H)A. atwhichB. inwhichC.onwhichD.withwhich12、(12)A. ofwhichB. thatC. whichD. what13、(13)A. isB. wasC. hasbeenD. isbeing14、(14)A. too1ongB. such1ongC. as1ongD.since1ong15、(15)A. astageB. awa1kC. adeve1opmentD. away16、(16)A.unti1B. withC. forD. to17、(17)A. theB. anC. thatD. a18、(18)A. ThoseB. TheseC. ThereD. They19、(19)A. afterB. withC. beforeD. at20、(20)A. sinceB. forC.becauseD.becauseof二、ReadingComprehension1、 PartADirections:Readthefo11owingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbe1oweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)WhyisEng1ishsodifficu1t?ItisoftenthoughtthatthenumberofwordsintheEng1ish1anguageisamajorreason,butthisisnottherea1answer.Certain1y,thereareoverha1fmi11ionwordsintheOxfordEng1ishDictionary,buton1yabout10,000areingenera1everydayuse.AmuchstrongerreasonistherichvarietyofsourcesfromwhichEng1ishcomessourcesthatareduetothedifferentpeop1ewhohaveconqueredorsett1edinpartsoftheBritishIs1esoverthepast1,300years-andknowingmoreaboutthewayEng1ishhasevo1vedoverthisperiodmakesitsdifficu1tieseasiertounderstand.Whatdowemeanbyan"Eng1ish"word?ManywordsareEng1ishinthesensethattheycanbetracedbacktotheAng1o-Saxons-Germanictribeswhichsett1edinEng1andfromaroundthefifthcenturyA.D.Theygaveusmanycommonwords1ikebook,house,catanddog.Ear1iersti11weretheCe1ticpeop1ewhosespeechsurvivesinScottishandIrishGae1ic,inWe1sh,andinthe1oca11anguagesoftwoextremitiesoftheBritishIs1es,ManxandCornish.Thereispractica11ynoCe1ticinf1uenceinEng1ish.ThisisbecausetheCe1tswereforcedbackintothefringesoftheBritishIs1esbytheAng1o-Saxoninvaders,andtherewas1itt1ecu1tura1interaction.Thenextimportantinf1uenceonthemainvocabu1aryofEng1ishcameintheninthandtenthcenturieswhenmuchoftheeastsideofEng1andwasinthehandsofDanishinvaders,andEng1andasawho1ehadaDanishkingCnut(Canute)foratime.TheDaneshadmuchmorecontactwiththeAng1o-SaxonsthandidtheCe1ts,andtheirshortperiodofoccupationhas1eftitsmarkinthenumberofScandinavianwordstakenintoour1anguage.Manyofthesearesti11inuse,suchastakeand1aw,namesofpartsofthebodysuchas1egandsku11.ManymoreScandinavianwordsarepreservedinsomedia1ectsoftheeastsideofEng1and,inp1ace-namesandinstreet-names.The1asttimethatEng1andwassuccessfu11yinvadedwasin1052whenWi11iamofNormandydefeatedtheEng1ishkingHaro1dattheBatt1eofHastings.Thearriva1oftheNormansbroughtafurtherdecisiveinf1uenceonthe1anguage一French.French,togetherwithIta1ian,Spanish,PortugueseandRomanianisknownasaRomance1anguage,andhasitsrootsin1atin.Forsevera1centuries,Frenchwasthe1anguageofthearistocracyinEng1andanda1argenumberofFrenchwordscameintothe1anguage.Manyofthesewordsaretodowithgovernment,1ikejustice,counci1andtax,andmanyareabstractterms1ike1iberty,charityandconf1ict.Mostofthewordstakenintothe1anguageovertheyearswereadoptedeitherbecausetherewasabasicneedforthemandtheywereusefu1orbecausetheywerepreferab1emsomewaytothewordsa1r