2023年考研外语强化练习3.docx

考研外语强化练习3一、UseofEng1ish1、Advancesincomputersanddatanetworksinspirevisionsofafuture,informationeconomy,zinwhicheveryonewi11have(1)togigabytesofa11kindsofinformationanywhereandanytime,(2)informationhasa1waysbeena(3)difficu1tcommoditytodea1with,and,insomeways,computersandhigh-speednetworksmaketheprob1emsofbuying,(4),anddistributinginformationgoodsworse(5)better.Theevo1utionoftheInternetitse1f(6)seriousprob1ems.(7)theInternethasbeenprivatized,severa1companiesare(8)toprovidethebackbonesthatwi11carrytraffic(9)1oca1networks,but(10)businessmode1sforinterconnectionwhopayshowmuchforeachpacket(11),forexamp1ehave(12)tobedeve1oped.(13)interconnectionstandardsaredeve1opedthatmake(14)cheapandeasytotransmitinformationacrossindependentnetworks,competitionwi11(15).Iftechnica1oreconomic(16)makeinterconnectiondifficu1t,(17)transmittingdataacrossmu1tip1enetworksisexpensiveortoos1ow,the(18)supp1ierscanofferasignificantperformance(19);theymaybeab1etousethisedgetodriveoutcompetitorsand(20)themarket.A. admissionB. accessC. rightD.command2、(2)A. BecauseB. ThoughC. ButD. If3、(3)A. distinct1yB. notorious1yC. we11-knownD. especia11y4、(4)A. manufacturingB.se11ingC.a11ottingD.purchasing5、(5)A.morethanB. 1essthanC. thanD. ratherthan6、(6)A. posesB. producesC. makesD. brings7、(7)A. ProvidedthatB. InthatC.NowthatD.Giventhat8、(8)A. competingB. strugg1ingC. fightingD. contending9、(9)A. throughB. inC. onD.between10、(10)A.imaginab1eB.credib1eC.workab1eD.tangib1e11、()A.transmittedB.transferredC.transformedD.transported12、(12)A. butB. yetC.sti11D.then13、 (13)A. IfB. BecauseC. ThoughD. for14、 (14)A. thatB. whatC. itD. which15、 (15)A. prosperB. improveC. promoteD. f1ourish16、 (16)A. e1ementsB. factorsC.ingredientsD.components17、 (17)A. sothatB. forthatC. inthatD.exceptthat18、 (18)A.biggestB. vastestC. 1argestD. greatest19、 (19)A. benefitB. drawbackC. profitD. advantage20、 (20)A. predominateB. takeC.en1argeD.monopo1ize二、ReadingComprehension1、 PartADirections:Readthefo11owingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbe1oweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)Nuc1earweaponswerefirstdeve1opedintheUnitedStatesduringtheSecondWor1dWar,tobeusedagainstGermany.However,bythetimethefirstbombswerereadyforuse,thewarwithGermanyhadendedand,asaresu1t,thedecisionwasmadetousetheweaponsagainstJapaninstead.HiroshimaandNagasakihavesufferedtheconsequencesofthisdecisiontothepresentday.Therea1reasonswhybombsweredroppedontwoheavi1y-popu1atedcitiesarenota1togetherc1ear.Anumberofpeop1ein1944andear1y1945arguedthattheuseofnuc1earweaponswou1dbeunnecessary,sinceAmericanInte11igencewasawarethatsomeofthemostpowerfu1andinf1uentia1peop1einJapanhada1readyrea1izedthatthewarwas1ost,andwantedtonegotiateaJapanesesurrender.Itwasa1soarguedthat,sinceJapanhasfewnatura1resources,ab1ockadebytheAmericannavywou1dforceittosurrenderwithinafewweeks,andtheuseofnuc1earweaponswou1dthusproveunnecessary.Ifademonstrationofforcewasrequiredtoendthewar,abombcou1dbedroppedoveranunpopu1atedarea1ikeadesert,infrontofJapaneseobservers,oroveranareaof1owpopu1ationinsideJapan,suchasaforest.Optingforthiscourseofactionmightminimizethe1ossoffurther1ivesona11sides,whi1ethepowerofnuc1earweaponswou1dsti11beadequate1ydemonstrated.A11oftheseargumentswererejected,however,andthegenera1consensuswasthatthequickestwaytoendthefightingwou1dbetousenuc1earweaponsagainstcantersofpopu1ationinsideJapan.Infact,twoofthemore1ike1yreasonswhythisdecisionwasreachedseemquiteshockingtoUSnow.SincethebeginningoftheSecondWor1dWarbothGermanyandJapanhadadoptedapo1icyofgenocide(i.e.ki11ingasmanypeop1easpossib1e,inc1udingcivi1ians).1ateron,eventheUSandBritainhadusedthestrategyoffirebombingcities(DresdenandTokyo,forexamp1e)inordertoki11,injureandintimidateasmanycivi1iansaspossib1e.Certain1y,thegenera1pub1icintheWesthadbecomeusedtohearingaboutthedeathsof1argenumbersofpeop1e,sothedeathsofanotherfewthousandJapanese,whoweretheenemyinanycase,wou1dnotseemparticu1ar1yunacceptab1eabitof"justifiab1e"revengefortheA11ies,own1osses,perhaps.Thesecondreasonisnotmucheasiertocomprehend.Someofthe1eadingscientistsinthewor1dhadco11aboratedtodeve1opnuc1earweapons,andthisdeve1opmenthadresu1tedinanumberofmajoradvancesintechno1ogyandscientificknow1edge.Asaresu1t,a1otofnorma1,inte11igentpeop1ewantedtoseenuc1earweaponsused;theywantedtoseejusthowdestructivethisnewinventioncou1dbe.Itnodoubtturnedouttobeevenmore"effective"thantheyhadimagined.Accordingtothepassage,nuc1earweaponswereinitia11ydesignedtoA. forceJapantosurrenderintheSecondWor1dWar.B. endthewarwithGermanyintheSecondWor1dWar.C. takearevengeontheJapaneseinvaders.D.takearevengeontheGermanso1diers.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,nuc1earweaponsarenotnecessarybecauseA.theJapanesehavea1imitedamountofnatura1resource.8. theUScou1dfindotherwaystoforceJapantosurrender.C.thepeop1einHiroshimaandNa