小学英语常见四种时态及其区别（附例句）.docx

一般现在时定义：1.目前存在的状态 2.经常性、习惯性的动作标志词：频度副词：例：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day(week.)谓语形式：系动词be ( am, is, are) 行为动词原形（主语为第三人称单数时V + s, 或 es）疑问形式：1.be 放主语前 2.主语前加do 或does (动词还原)  否定式：1.be + not 2.动词前加 dont 或doesnt (动词还原)提问谓语：What do /does + 主语+ do? 如：She reads English every day. What does she do every day?现在进行时定义：表示目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态标志词：1.提示语：look! Listen! 2.At +时间点 3.前有祈使句  谓语形式：Be (am, is, are ) + V-ing  疑问形式 be 放主语前  否定式：be + not提问谓语：What is / are +主语+ doing？如：Were listening now. What are you doing now?一般将来时定义：1.表示佳话或打算做某事 2.将要发生的动作或存在的状态标志词：1.tomorrow, the next day, this afternoon, this evening 2.next week (month, year) 3.in the year 2007谓语形式：1.be going to + V 原形 2.will + V 原形 3.go, come, leave 等用现在进行时表示将来 4.want 用现在时表将来疑问形式：be 或will 放主语前否定式：be 或 will 后加 not will not = wont提问谓语：1.What is/ are +going to do? 2.What will + 主语+do?  如：He will play basketball next week. What will he do next week?一般过去式定义：表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态标志词：1.yesterday, last week/ year/ month 等 2.two years ago/ in 2005 / at that time谓语形式：1.动词be 的过去时（was, were） 2.行为动词的过去式  疑问形式：1.was / were 放主语前 2.主语前加did (动词还原)  否定式：1.was/ were + not 2.动词前加didnt (动词还原)提问谓语：What did + 主语+ do?如：Tom did his homework last night.  What did Tom do last night?一般过去时 eg:He went to library.现在进行时 eg:He is going to library.一般现在时 eg:He goes to library.  一般将来时 eg:He will go to library. eg:He is going to take the exams.*现在完成时 eg:He has been in china for five years. eg:He has been in china since five years ago. eg:I have gone to china.1.现在一般时与现在完成时1) I come from Shanghai(上海人）I have come from Shanghai（从上海来）2) You read very well. (强调能力）You've read very well. （强调一次刚完成的动作）3) I forget.(一时想不起来了）I have forgotten.（仍没想起来，可能已回忆起来了）4) The book is written in simple English. (表状态）The book has been written in simple English.（表动态，已用英语写成）5) Every time I see him, he's been reading. （两个动作不可能同时进行） Every time I have seen him, he's been reading. (强调两个动作同时进行）6) He is gone. (强调状态）He has gone （强调动作和时间）7) He won't come till the play begins. (演出开始时）    He won't come till the play has begun.（戏已开始）8) After I leave school, I'll go to college. （两个动作紧密相接）After I have left school, I'll go to college.（强调毕业后，两个动作可能有间隔）9) It is a long time since I saw you last. It's been a long time since I saw you last.(这两句话一样，后一句是美国英语）10) Where are you (在哪）Where have you been(去了哪）2. 现在一般时与现在进行时1) He works hard.（强调始终如一）He is working hard.（强调现在）2) What do you do (干什么工作的）What are you doing（在干什么）  3) Here comes the bus! (表高兴和欣慰）    The bus is coming.（汽车到来的情景）4) I forget him name. I'm forgetting his name.(差点把他的名字忘了）5) You don't eat much. (强调胃口不大）   You're not eating much.（你怎么不吃呀）6) The match starts at 7 o'clock. (比较固定，不宜改变）    The match is starting at 7 o'clock.（可以改变）7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不满，责备）8)Tom goes to college now.Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大，后者更生动）9） I tell you.（我可以告诉你）I'm telling you.(我告诉你吧，有感情色彩）10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了）11) I expect you to phone me. ( 几乎等于命令）     I'm expecting you to phone me.（婉转）12) What do you say What are you saying(你说些什么呀，表说话人惊讶，不满）13) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(强调结果） I'm finding that the book is         too difficult for me. (强调过程，逐渐感到）14) Apples cost more these days.(强调事实)Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵)  14) He always thinks of others.He's always thinking of others.(表示赞扬)15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行)16) I hope you'll give us some advice.I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转)17) I must go. (我应该去)I must be going.(我该走了)18) We can discuss this while we eat.(说话是没用餐)We can discuss this while we are eating.(进餐已开始)3. 现在完成时与过去一般时1) I've seen him this morning.(还在上午的时间里)    I saw him this morning.(时间已不在上午了)2) Who's opened the window (窗户还在开着)Who opened the window (与现在无关,窗户可能已关上)3) Have you ever heard him sing (他可能不是爱唱歌)Did you ever hear him sing(你曾听过他唱歌吗,他可能是歌唱家)  4) Have you ever heard of such a thing (你听过这种事吗)Did you ever hear of such a thing(这种事, 你听说过吗 是一个修辞性问题，表示惊异。)5) What have I done to make you so angry (对方仍生气）What did I do to make you so angry （暗示某一过去的时间，可能对方已不生气了。）6) How has he done it (他这活干的怎么样？强调结果）How did he do it（他是怎么干这活的？强调干活的方式）7) He has lived in New York for eight years. (他仍在纽约）    He lived in New York for eight years.（他可能不在人世了）8) He has been called a thinker.He was called a thinker.(他曾被誉为思想家）9) You've heard what I said. (你听见我的话了）You heard what I said.（你是听见我的话的，口气严厉，具有感情色彩。）10) I've lost my pen. (笔还没找到）I lost my pen.（笔可能找到了）11) He has already been there. (曾去过哪）     He was already there.（当时在哪）12) Since I have been ill, my friend has visited me every day.（生病还在延续）Since I was ill, my friend has visited me every day. (病已好了）13) Have you slept well (暗示疲倦了，休息后是否好些了）     Did you sleep well（暗示睡的是否舒服，满意）4. 过去完成时与过去一般时1) I came here after I finished middle school.(两个动作每间隔)I came here after