专升本英语考点：非谓语动词 —— 动名词.docx

1. 动名词的构成和特征动名词一般由“动词原形 +-ing”构成。及物动词的动名词可以带宾语，也可以被状语修饰。不及物动词的动名词不可以带宾语，但可以被状语修饰；若要带宾语，则应加上相应的介词。带有宾语或状语的动名词称为动名词短语，如 reading a book slowly。其否定式是在动名词前加 not。2. 动名词的句法功能动名词在句中起名词的作用，可以作主语、表语、定语、动词宾语和介词宾语。（1）作主语。动名词（短语）作主语一般直接放在句首，谓语动词常用单数形式。Refusing invitations is not always easy. 拒绝邀请并不总是容易的。Having confidence in yourself is the secret of success. 相信自己是成功的秘诀。Saying "I' m sorry" is very difficult， but all you need is just courage.说对不起很难，但你需要的只是勇气。Drinking too much alcohol is harmful to one's health. 饮酒过多对健康有害。注意：动名词与不定式都可以作句子的主语，其区别在于：动名词作主语常表示一般的或习惯性的动作，不定式作主语常表示具体的、某一次的或将来的动作。如：Getting up early is considered a good habit. 早起被认为是一个好习惯。To accept their offer will be foolish. 接受他们的提议是愚蠢的。知识拓展动名词也可以有逻辑主语，一般规则是：逻辑主语是有生命的名词或代词时，用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。动名词若作主语，其逻辑主语是名词时只能用所有格形式。动名词若作宾语，其逻辑主语是名词时也可不用所有格形式，直接用名词即可；其逻辑主语是代词时也可用宾格。如：Her coming here will be a great help. 她到这里来将大有帮助。Mary's coming home is a great pleasure for her family， especially for her parents.玛丽回家这件事她的家人，尤其是她的父母，非常高兴。I don't like Jack and Tom speaking ill of each other in public places.我不喜欢杰克和汤姆在公共场合说彼此的坏话。His wife doesn't like his/ him playing computer games.他的妻子不喜欢他玩电脑游戏。在 It is no use（no good，a waste of time）+doing. 结构中，It 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面动名词（短语）.It is no use worrying about something that hasn't happened yet.为还没有发生的事情担心是无用的。It is no good learning without practice.只学习不实践是无益的。It is a waste of time asking him for help.向他请求帮助是浪费时间。 There is no doing. 为常见结构，相当于 It is impossible to do.。There is no denying that quicker action could have saved them.无可否认，如果行动快一点，本来是救得了他们的。There is no accounting for taste. 人各有所好。（2）作表语。Her job is washing clothes， cleaning and taking care of the children.她的工作是洗衣服 打扫卫生和照顾孩子。The real difficulty is getting to know the needs of the customers.真正的难题是了解客户的需求。（3）作定语。有时动名词还可以放在名词之前作定语，如 reading materials（阅读材料）， teaching methods（教学方法）等。A washing machine can help you save a lot of time and energy.洗衣机可以帮助你节省很多时间和精力。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准任何人大声喧哗。（4）作动词宾语。以下及物动词（短语）常用动名词作宾语，而不能用动词不定式作宾语，如 admit，advise，advocate（提 倡），allow，appreciate，avoid，consider， delay，deny， discuss， dislike，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，permit，postpone，practise/practice，prevent，quit，recall，resent（愤恨），resist， risk， suggest，tolerate， can 't help（忍不住）等。We don't allow smoking in the hall. 我们不准（有人）在大厅里抽烟。I don't appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen.我不愿被人当作二等公民对待。She imagined walking into the office and handing in her resignation.她想象着自己走进办公室，递交辞呈。Do you mind passing me that dictionary? 你介意把那本词典递给我吗？The manager doesn't permit giving advice in public. 这位经理不允许公开提建议。记一记后接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）：愤恨讨论停止做，阻止抵抗否避开，建议考虑坚持练，允许想象不冒险，不禁介意保持完，承认错过心喜欢，回忆感激又逃避，厌恶容许又延期。有些动词后既可用不定式又可用动名词作宾语，但意义差别较大。forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事 go on to do sth. 做完一件事后继而去做另一事forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事 go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事mean to do sth 打算做某事  remember to do sth  记得要去做某事stop to do sth  停下手中的事去做其他的事mean doing sth 意味着做某事remember doing sth  记得曾经做过某事stop doing sth  停下手中正在做的事情regret to do sth 因将要去做某事而感到遗憾 try to do sth 努力去做某事regret doing sth 因做了某事而后悔 try doing sth 试着做某事can't help（to）do sth 不能帮助做某事can't help doing sth 忍不住做某事We mean to call on you tomorrow. 我们打算明天去拜访你。Being active in the discussion doesn't mean talking without aims.积极参与讨论并不意味着漫无目的地讲话。I regret to inform you that your contract will not be renewed.我遗憾地通知你，你的合同将不予续签。I don't regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉了她我的想法而后悔。注意：be/ get used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某事”；be used to do sth. 表示“被用来做某事”；used to do sth 表示“过去常常做某事”。如：My elder brother is used to getting up early. 我哥哥习惯早起。This machine is used to clean the wall. 这台机器是用来清理墙壁的 .My elder brother used to get up early. 过去我哥哥经常早起。注意：常见的其后既可跟不定式又可跟动名词的动词有：like，love，hate， prefer，continue，bother，intend，begin，start，propose（打算）等。（5）作介词宾语。动名词也可以作介词的宾语，构成介词短语，一起在句中作定语、状语或表语。Man's dream of flying in space has come true. 人类太空飞行的梦想已经实现了。She left without telling us in advance. 她没有提前告知我们就离开了。Reading a good book is like talking with a wise person.读一本好书就像和一位智者谈话 .动名词作介词的宾语，常用在某些词组后面。这类词组主要有：succeed in， insist on，feel like，apologize for，approve/disapprove of，give up，keep on，put off，attach importance to，be accustomed/used to，devote.to/be devoted to， confess to，in addition to，lead to，look forward to，object to，pay attention to，be opposed to， be worthy of，stick to，take to（养成习惯）， the approach/solution/ key to 等。注意：这类词组中的to 为介词后应加doing，不要将其当作不定式的标志，而误用不定式结构。She apologizes for breaking the new vase. 她为打碎了那个新花瓶而道歉。I was accustomed to staying up late when was at university. 上大学时我习惯熬夜。在下 列 句 型 中 应 使 用 动 名 词 作 宾 语：have（no）difficulty/（no）trouble/no problem/fun/pleasure/a hard time/a good time （in） doing sth.， be busy doing sth.， spend some time（in）doing sth.，there is no point（in）doing sth.， when it comes to doing sth. 等。They had hard time walkin