专题13 阅读理解议论文（解析版）.docx

专题13阅读理解议论文（解析版）全国各地历年高考真题全收录一、2023年高考真题（一）2023全国乙卷DIfyouwanttote11thehistoryofthewho1ewor1d,ahistorythatdoesnotprivi1egeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsa1one,becauseon1ysomeofthewor1dhaseverhadtexts,whi1emostofthewor1d,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity,s1aterachievements,andunti1fair1yrecent1yevenmany1iterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnoton1yinwritingbutinthings.Idea11yahistorywou1dbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareab1etodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimp1ycan,t.Thec1earestexamp1eofthisbetween1iterateandnon-1iteratehistoryisperhapsthefirstconf1ict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook,svoyageandtheAustra1ianAborigina1s.FromtheEng1ishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain,srecordofthatterrib1eday.FromtheAustra1ianside,wehaveon1yawoodenshie1d（盾）droppedbyamaninf1ightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactua11ygoingonthatday,theshie1dmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeep1yandstrict1yasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheprob1emofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidenta11yorde1iberate1ytwisted,especia11ywhenon1ythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthe1osingsideoftenhaveon1ytheirthingstote11theirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustra1ianAborigina1s,theAfricanpeop1eofBeninandtheIncas,a11ofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfu11ythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistoryto1dthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（联系）between1iterateandnon-1iteratesocietiessuchasthese,a11ourfirst-handaccountsarenecessari1ytwisted,on1yoneha1fofadia1ogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherha1fofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.12. Whatisthefirstparagraphmain1yabout?A.Howpasteventsshou1dbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeak1ouderthanwords.D.Whywritten1anguageisre1iab1e.13. WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthe1oca1peop1e.C.Heru1edoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.14. Whatdoestheunder1inedword"conversation“inparagraph3referto?A.Prob1em.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.15. Whichofthefo11owingbooksisthetextmost1ike1yse1ectedfrom?A.HowMapsTe11StoriesoftheWor1dB.AShortHistoryOfAustra1iaC.AHistoryoftheWor1dinIOOObjectsD.HowArtWorksTe11Stories【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Ifyouwanttote11thehistoryofthewho1ewor1d,ahistorythatdoesnotprivi1egeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsa1one,becauseon1ysomeofthewor1dhaseverhadtexts,whi1emostofthewor1d,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity,s1aterachievements,andunti1fair1yrecent1yevenmany1iterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnoton1yinwritingbutinthings.（如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。广可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Idea11yahistorywou1dbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareab1etodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimp1yCan't.（理想情况下,历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。）”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“FromtheEng1ishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain,srecordofthatterrib1eday.FromtheAustra1ianside,wehaveon1yawoodenshie1d（盾）droppedbyamaninf1ightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.（在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。）”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustra1ianAborigina1s,theAfricanpeop1eofBeninandtheIncas,a11ofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfu11ythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistoryto1dthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（联系）between1iterateandnon-1iteratesocietiessuchasthese,a11ourfirst-handaccountsarenecessari1ytwisted,on1yoneha1fofadia1ogue.（力口勒比海的泰诺人、澳大禾U亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。）“结合戈U线句“IfWearetofindtheotherha1fofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.（如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。广可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以COnVerSatiOn指的是“历史”。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttote11thehistoryofthewho1ewor1d,ahistorythatdoesnotprivi1egeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsa1one,becauseon1ysomeofthewor1dhaseverhadtexts,whi1emostofthewor1d,formostofthetime,hasnot.（如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。厂结合最后一段的“Ifwearetofindtheotherha1fofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheObjeCtS.（如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。）”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自100件物品中的世界史。故选C。二、2023年高考真题（-）【2023全国乙卷】BIn1916,twogir1sofwea1thyfami1ies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.一DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-trave1edtoasett1ementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoo1house.Thegir1sha