语言学填空题.docx

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1、Chapter 1 Introduction1. Language is a system of a vocal symbols used for human communication, arbitrary2. The description of a language as it changes through is a d study, diachronic3. Lrefers to the abstract linguistic system shared all the members of aspeech community. Langue4. The desire feature

2、s of language are arbitrariness, duality, creativity, and d.displacement5. The functions of language includes informative, interpersonal, performative, emotive, phatic, recreational and m. metalingual6. The main branches of linguistics should include phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, s and p

3、ragmatics, semantics7. The branches of macrolinguistics have psycholinguistic, sociolinguistics, a linguistics, and computational linguistics, anthropological8. The paradigmatic relation is also known as the VERTICAL relation, or c relation. CHOICE9. The Syntagmatic relation is nowadays also referre

4、d to as the HORIZONTAL relation or c relation. CHAIN1. Linguistics is generally defined as the. scientific study of language2. The study of language as a whole is often called. general linguistics.3. The study of used in linguistic communication led to the establishment of phonetics. Sounds4. The st

5、udy of is known as semantics, meaning5. Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to . psychology6. The study of is generally known as applied linguistics, applications7. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to be. descriptive8. The de

6、scription of a language at some point of time in is asynchronic study the description of a language as it through time is adiachronic, history; changes9. From the point of view of linguistic evolution, speech is to writing,prior10. = refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the member

7、of a speech community, and refers to the realization of langue in actual use. langue; parole11. Linguistic is descriptive while traditional grammar is. prescriptive12. Modern linguistic regards the language as primary, not the written, spoken13. Many of the rules of traditional grammar apply only to

8、 the language, written14. When the study of meaning is,not in isolation ,but in the context of language use, it becomes another branch of linguistic study called pragmatics, conducted15. Prescriptive and descriptive represent two different of linguistic study.types21. Chomsky defines “ competencef,

9、as the ideal user, s k of therules of his language.22. Langue refers to the a linguistic system shared by all the membersof a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.23. D is one of the design features of human language which refers tothe

10、 phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.24. Language is a system of a vocal symbols used for human communication.25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible

11、 sentences in languages is called s.26. Human capacity for language has a gbasis, but the details of languagehave to be taught and learned.27. Prefers to the realization of langue in actual use.28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The

12、study of such applications is generally known as a linguistics.29. Language is p in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.30. L

13、inguistics is generally defined as the sstudy of language.31. knowledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary32. syntax 26.genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive30. scientific (or systematic)Chapter 2 Speech sounds1. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until rece

14、ntly themost highly developed, is aphonetics, articulatory2. The four sounds p, / b /, / m/ and / w/ have one feature in common, i.e., they are all b. bilabial3. In English there are a number of d f which are produced by movingfrom one vowel position to another through intervening positions, diphtho

15、ngs4. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the a of that phoneme, allophones5. The most elemental grammatical units in a language are m .morphemes6. Sound change as a result of sound movement, known as m, involves a reversal in position of

16、two adjoining sound segments.metathesis7. Phonetics is the study of sounds and it can be divided into three main areas, which are a phonetics, acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics.10. The present system of the IPA (International phonetic Association) was developed in the 1920s by the British phonetician Daniel J, who put forward cardinal vowels, which are a set of v