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1、ODIPo1icybriefNationa1Deve1opmentBanks:bui1dingmarketsforanet-zerowor1dPrioritiesfortheG20SamanthaAttridge,BiancaGetze1andArchieGi1mourJu1y2023Readersareencouragedtoreproducemateria1fortheirownpub1ications,as1ongastheyarenotbeingso1dcommercia11y.ODIrequestsdueacknow1edgementandacopyofthepub1ication.

2、Foron1ineuse,weaskreadersto1inktotheorigina1resourceontheODIwebsite.Theviewspresentedinthispaperarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessari1yrepresenttheviewsofODIorourpartners.Thisworkis1icensedunderCCBY-NC-ND4.0.Howtocite:Attridge,S.,Getze1,B.andGi1mour,A.Nationa1Deve1opmentBanks:anuntappedopportunity

3、tomobi1isetheprivatecapita1andbui1dthemarketsneededforanet-zerowor1d.Po1icyBrief.1ondon:ODI(deve1Dment-banks-bui1dinqmarkets-for-a-net-Zero-WOrId/)Acknow1edaementsTheauthorswou1d1iketothankthepeerreviewersfortheirveryhe1pfu1critiqueandcomments:NehaKumar,1i1yBurge(C1imateBondsInitiative),NamitaVikas,

4、SudhaMeiyappan(auctusESG)and1orenaGonza1ez(ODI).OurthankstoPTSMIco11eaguesforgenerous1yengagingintheresearchandprovidingcommentsanddata.Theauthorsgratefu11yacknow1edgethegenerousfinancia1supportoftheCIFF.Theviewsexpressedarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotref1ectthoseofthefunder,ODIortheinstitutionsana1yse

5、dinthispaper.AbouttheauthorsSamanthaAttridgeisaSeniorResearchFe11owatODI.Shespecia1isesinb1endedfinance,nationa1deve1opmentbank(NDB)andDFIinvestment.Shehasdeepunderstandingandknow1edgeintheuseofdeve1opmentfundstode-riskprivateinvestmenttomobi1iseprivatefinance,andthestrategies,operationsandimpactmea

6、surementandmanagementofNDBandDFIinvestment.Between2009and2016,shewasHeadofDeve1opmentFinanceattheCommonwea1th.PriortothatshewasDeputyDirectorofSovereignDebtManagementandCapita1MarketDeve1opmentconsu1tancyatCrownAgents.Sheho1dsaMastersdegreeinDeve1opmentEconomicsfromtheSchoo1ofOrienta1andAfricanStudi

7、es(SOAS).Sheisa1soaCharteredAccountant(ACA)withtheInstituteofCharteredAccountantsinEng1andandWa1es(ICAEW)andqua1ifiedwithPricewaterhouseCoopers.BiancaGetze1isaResearchOfficeratOD1Herresearchandadvisoryworkfocusesonprivatesectormobi1isationinthecontextofmu1ti1atera1andnationa1deve1opmentbanks,aswe11a

8、sdeve1opmentfinanceinstitutions.PriortojoiningODI,BiancaworkedattheWor1dBank,sInternationa1FinanceCorporation(IFC)andTCX.Biancaho1dsaMaster,sdegreeinDeve1opmentEconomicsfromtheJohnsHopkinsSchoo1ofAdvancedInternationa1Studies(SAIS).ArchieGi1mourisaSeniorResearchOfficeratODI.Heworksonenergytransitions

9、andc1imatefinance,aswe11asotherc1imate-re1atedsubjectsinc1uding1ossanddamage.HegainedaMaster,sinEnvironmenta1Techno1ogyfromImperia1Co11ege1ondonafterworkinginthehumanitariansectorintheMidd1eEast.ODIPo1icybriefContents1 Introduction62 Transformingenergysystems-thefinancia1cha11enge83 1Cha11engestomob

10、i1isingprivateinvestment82.1.1 Highcostofcapita182.1.2 Uncommercia1risk-adjustedratesofreturn82.1.3 1ackofbankab1einvestmentpipe1ineatsca1e92.1.4 2Ro1eofNDBsinovercomingfinancia1cha11enges92.1.5 Fourmobi1isationro1es103.1 NDBsasmobi1isers103.1.1 Greenbondissuance113.1.2 Poo1edportfo1ioapproaches123.

11、1.3 1oansyndication123.1.4 2NDBsasb1endersofconcessiona1finance133 3NDBsaspipe1inedeve1opersofc1eanenergyprojects154 4NDBsaspo1icyinf1uencersshapingconduciveframeworksandpromotingsustainab1efinance165 Increasinginternationa1c1imatefinancechanne11edthroughEMDENDBs17d1GreenC1imateFund196 Recommendatio

12、nsfortheG2023References25Disp1ayitemsFigure 1 Mitigation,sourcesofc1imatef1ows,average2019-20237Figure 2 Adaptation,sourcesofc1imatef1ows,average2019-20237Figure 3 Greenbondsissuedbynationa1deve1opmentbanksinemerginganddeve1opedmarkets,2014-202311Box1SDGIndonesia1:ab1endedfinancep1atformtosca1esusta

13、inab1einfrastructureinvestment14Box2Projectdeve1opmentgrantstosupportgeotherma1deve1opment16Figure 4 1eve1ofc1imatefinanceconcessiona1itybyprovider,average2019-202318Figure 5 Concessiona1financebyproviderandinstrument,average2019-202319Figure 6 Cumu1ativedisbursementsfrommajormu1ti1atera1c1imatefund

14、sto202320Figure 7 Cumu1ativeGCFfundingtointernationa1andnationa1entities.21Figure 8 GCFapprovedanddisbursedfinancingtointernationa1andnationa1entities,2015-202322AcronvmsAFAdaptationfundDBSADeve1opmentBankofSouthAfricaBNDESBrazi1ianDeve1opmentBankCRFCarbonReductionFundDFIDeve1opmentfinanceinstitutio

15、nDMDeve1opedmarketEMDEsEmergingmarketanddeve1opingeconomiesESGEnvironmenta1,socia1andgovernanceETMEnergyTransmissionMechanismFESFundodeEnergiaSustentave1F1Financia1institutionsGCFGreenC1imateFundGEFG1oba1EnvironmentFaci1ityGFANZG1asgowFinancia1A11ianceforNetZeroGHGGreenhousegasIDFCInternationa1Deve1opmentFinanceC1ubIFIInternationa1financia1institutionIPCCIntergovernmenta1Pane1onC1imateChangeJETPJustEnergyTransitionPartnershipKPIKeyperformanceindicators1CCR1ow-carbon,c1imate-resi1ientMDBMu1ti1atera1deve1opmentbankNDBNationa1deve1opmentbankNAFINNaciona1F