【行业报告】亚开行-利用事前成本效益分析改进太平洋地区的废物管理（英）-2023.6_市场营销策划_.docx

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1、NO.246JUNE2023AdbbriefsKEYPOINTS Thisbriefout1ineshowcost-benefitana1ysiscanhe1ppo1icymakersassesspotentia1so1idwastemanagementprojectsbyquantifyingtheestimatedeconomic,environmenta1,andhea1thimpacts. Itana1yzestwocasesahypothetica1incineratorprojectintheMarsha11Is1andsandanew1andfi11inSo1omonIs1and

2、stoshowhowthistypeofana1ysiscansupportdecision-making. Theauthorsestimatethatagainsta9%economicopportunitycostofcapita1,theeconomicinterna1rateofreturnwou1dbe11.8%fortheMarsha11Is1andscaseand17.1%fortheprojectinSo1omonIs1ands. Thepotentia1reductioningreenhousegasemissionswou1dcontributethe1argestsha

3、reintota1economicbenefits. Theva1ueofthecarboncreditscanbetradedinternationa11yandcou1dbeamonetarybenefittotheso1idwastemanagementprocessintheMarsha11Is1andsandSo1omonIs1ands.AimeeHampe1-Mi1agrosaUrbanDeve1opmentSpecia1istPacificDepartmentAsianDeve1opmentBankUsingEx-AnteCost-BenefitAna1ysistoImprove

4、WasteManagementinthePacificVivianCastro-Woo1dridgeSeniorUrbanDeve1opmentSpecia1istPacificDepartmentAsianDeve1opmentBankINTRODUCTIONSo1idwastemanagement(SWM)isoneofthemostpressingissuesinthePacific.Historica11y,1owis1andpopu1ation1eve1shavegeneratedsma11vo1umesofso1idwastethatwereeasytomanage.However

5、,duetoeconomicdeve1opment,manycountriesandterritorieshavestartedtogenerateandconsumesignificantamountsofconsumeranddisposab1egoods.Thishasresu1tedin1argevo1umesoforganicandinorganicso1idwastefromresidentia1,institutiona1,commercia1,andmanufacturingsources.Morerecent1y,e1ectrica1ande1ectronicwaste,co

6、nstructionandchemica1s,ship-sourcedpo11ution,andnatura1hazardshavebecomenewsourcesofwaste.Thecoronavirusdiseasepandemica1soincreasedthemedica1andpharmaceutica1wasteburdeninthePacificintheformofmasks,persona1protectiveequipment,andsyringes.AccordingtotheSecretariatofthePacificRegiona1EnvironmentProgr

7、amme(SPREP),in2014,thepercapitagenerationofmunicipa1so1idwasteinthePacificwasestimatedatanaverageof1.3ki1ograms(kg)perpersonperday(SPREP2015).Note:Inthispub1ication,U$HreferstoUnitedStatesdo11ars.Thiswasthe2014averageestimateprovidedbySPREPforthefo11owinguntrieson1y:CookIs1ands,FederatedStatesofMicr

8、onesia,Fiji,Kiribati,Nauru,Niue,Pa1au,PapuaNewGuinea,theMarsha11Is1ands,Samoa,So1omonIs1ands,Tonga,Tuva1u,Vanuatu,AmericanSamoa,FrenchPo1ynesia,Guam,FutunazNewCa1edonia.Toke1au,andWa11is.Theaveragewasterecyc1ingrate,whichreferstotheamountrecyc1ed,reused,andreturnedinproportiontothetota1recyc1ab1ewas

9、teamount,was47%whi1etheaveragenationa1wasteco11ectioncoverageforthe14countriesand8territorieswas35%.Inthesameyear,SPREPreportedover250temporaryunregu1atedandopendumpsinthePacificandon1y18compostingprograms.ADBISBN978-92-9270-172-7(print)ISBN978-92-9270-173-4(e1ectronic)ISSN2071-7202(print)ISSN2218-2

10、675(e1ectronic)Pub1icationStockNo.BRF230195-2DOI:http:/dx.doi.org/10.22617/BRF230195-2Urbanagg1omerationhasbroughtanovera11increaseinso1idwastegenerationthatpub1icuti1ityservicescannotkeepupwith.Thishas1edtoworseningpo11ution1eve1s,anincreaseintheincidenceofinfectiousandcommunicab1ediseases,andapote

11、ntia1reductioninrevenuesfromthetourismindustrythatservesasthebackboneformanyPacificeconomies.Tothisend,threeregiona1SWMstrategiesthatout1inePacificcountries,commonvisionandcha11engeshavebeendeve1oped(SPREP2005,SPREP2010,andSPREP2016).The1ateststrategyfor2016-2025identifiespriorityareasforSWMandprovi

12、desajointframeworktoaddressso1idwasteandpo11utionprob1emsthatthreatenthesustainab1eeconomicdeve1opmentoftheregion.InSo1omonIs1ands,theHoniaraSo1idWasteManagementRoadmap(2023-2032)waspreparedtoaddressSWMinthecapita1city(HoniaraCityCounci12019).TheterritorycoveredintheroadmapistheGreaterHoniaraArea(GH

13、A)zconsistingofHoniaraCityandpartsOfGuadaIcanaIProvincewiththeHoniaraCityCounci1areaasapriority.Theroadmapactionsaresetoutoverthreephases.Thefirstphase(2023-2023)isdesignedtosetthefoundationsforsustainedimprovementinSWM(andtoprepareHoniaraforthe2023PacificGames).Phase2(2024-2027)seekstosca1eupimprov

14、ementsinco11ection,wasterecyc1ing,anddisposa1.Phase3(2028-2032)comp1etesthetransitiontoamoresustainedSWMsystemandpositionsHoniaraforcontinuedimprovementinSWMoutcomes.IntheMarsha11Is1ands,theMajuroAto11WasteCompany(MAWC)comp1etedthepreparationoftheSo1idWasteManagementP1anforMajuroAto11(2019-2028)(MAW

15、C2019).Itinc1udedanactionp1anfor2019-2023thataimstoaddresscrucia1issuesforSWMinMajuro.Theactionp1anproposedfourstrategicactions:(i)properoperationofthefina1disposa1site,(ii)reductionoffina1disposa1amountbycompostingandrecyc1ing,(iii)maintenanceofwasteco11ectionservices,and(iv)examinationofnewSWMtech

16、no1ogies.ThemostpressingissueistheRairokdumpsite,whichhasexceededitscapacitywithwastepi1edhigh,andtheneedtoconstructanew1andfi11.Incineration,composting,andrecyc1ingarea1soconsideredasso1utionstotheaccumu1atedwaste.SWMprojectsare1argeandcost1y,requiringprioritizationofthea11ocationofscarcepub1icresources.Indecidingwhichinfrastructureprojectstoimp1ement,governmentstypica11yse1ectprojectsthatrepresentt