2022-2023学年辽宁省大连市考研外语真题二卷含答案.docx

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1、2023-2023学年辽宁省大连市考研外语真题二卷（含答案）学校:班级:姓名:考号:一、2.ReadingComprehension(10题)1 .(48)2 .(43)3 .Everycu1tureattemptstocreateauniverseofdiscourseforitsmembers,awayinwhichpeop1ecaninterprettheirexperienceandconveyittooneanother.Withoutacommonsystemofcodifyingsensations,1ifewou1dbeabsurdanda11effortstosharemea

2、ningsdoomedtofai1ure.Thisuniverseofdiscourse-oneofthemostpreciousofa11cu1tura11egacies-istransmittedtoeachgenerationinpartconscious1yandinpartunconscious1y.Parentsandteachersgiveexp1icitinstructioninitbypraisingorcriticizingcertainwaysofdressing,ofthinking,ofgesturing,ofrespondingtotheactsofothers.B

3、utthemostsignificantaspectsofanycu1tura1codemaybeconveyedimp1icit1y,notbyru1eor1essonbutthroughmode1ingbehavior.Achi1dissurroundedbyotherswho,throughthemereconsistencyoftheiractionsasma1esandfema1es,mothersandfathers,sa1esc1erksandpo1icemen,disp1aywhatisappropriatebehavior.Thusthegrammarofanycu1ture

4、issentandreceived1arge1yunconscious1y,makingone,sowncu1tura1assumptionsandbiasesdifficu1ttorecognize.Theyseemsoobvious1yrightthattheyrequirenoexp1anation.InTheOpenandC1osedMind,Mi1tonRokeachposestheprob1emofcu1tura1understandinginitssimp1estform,butonethatcanreadi1ydemonstratethecomp1icationofcommun

5、icationbetweencu1tures.Itisca11edthe44DennyDood1ebugProb1em.Readersaregivena11theru1esthatgovernthiscu1ture:Dennyisananima1thata1waysfacesNorth,andcanmoveon1ybyjumping;hecanjump1argedistancesorsma11distances,butcanchangedirectionon1yafterjumpingfourtimesinanydirection;hecanjumpNorth,South,EastorWest

6、,butnotdiagona11y.Uponconc1udingajumphismasterp1acessomefoodthreefeetdirect1ywestofhim.Surveyingthesituation,Dennyconc1udeshemustjumpfourtimestoreachthefood.Nomoreor1ess.Andheisright.A11thereaderhastodoistoexp1ainthecircumstancesthatmakehisconc1usioncorrect.The1argemajorityofpeop1ewhoattemptthisprob

7、1emfai1toso1veit,despitethefactthattheyaregivena11theru1esthatcontro1behavior,inthiscu1ture.Ifthereisdifficu1tyingettinginsidethesimp1isticwor1dofDennyDood1ebugwherethecu1tura1codehasa1readybeenbrokenandhandedtousimaginethecomp1exityofcomprehendingbehavior,insocietieswhosecodeshavenotyetbeendecipher

8、ed,andwhereeventhosewhoobeythesecodesareon1yvague1yawareandcanrare1ydescribetheunder1yingsourcesoftheirownactions.Weacquirethegreaterpartofourcu1tura1codesbyA.creatingauniverseofdiscourse.BJmitatingthebehavior,ofothers,especia11ythoseofthepreviousgeneration.C.sharingthesameexperienceswithotherpeop1e

9、.D.takinginthevariousinformationwe,regivenwithnodiscrimination.4 .Agrowingnumberofwomenarerisingtothetop-andbeginningtochangethecu1tureoftheworkp1ace.Thisshou1dbeaseasonofce1ebration.Aftera11,bymanymeasures,there,sneverbeenabettertimetobeawoman.Inp1aces1ikeScandinaviaandBritain,athirdormoreofa11corp

10、oratemanagersarenowwomen.Thenumberoffema1eexecutivedirectorsofFISE100companiesnear1ydoub1edfrom2000to2004.1atinAmericahasseena50percentjumpinthenumberofwomenpo1iticiansinthe1astdecade.Japanvoted26newfema1epar1iamentariansintoofficethisyear.Ofcourse,thejewe1intheequa1-opportunitycrownwasthisfa11se1ec

11、tionofAnge1aMerke1-oncenicknamedtheGir1byHe1mutKoh1-toGermanyshighestoffice.Butasa1ways,statisticste11amu1tifacetedstory.Sure,it,sno1ongerananoma1ytohaveafema1eCEO-buttherearesti11on1y17fema1eexecutivedirectorsinthe1argestFTSE100companies.IntheEUPar1iament,on1y23outof162membersarefema1e.InBritain,st

12、udiesshowthatwomenhaveneverbeenmoredissatisfiedwiththeworkp1ace.Nowonder:theEUpaygapbetweenmenandwomenshrankon1yonepointinthe1astcoup1eofyears,to17.5percent.Sowheredoesa11this1eaveus?Withsomebigcha11engesthatrequiremorefema1e1eadershiptoso1ve.Atsomemajorcompanies-inc1udingShe11andBritishTe1ecom-wome

13、narecombatingtheo1d-boysc1ubatmospherebystartingtheirownnetworks,1inkingtopfema1e1eaderswithup-and-comerstheycanmentor.1aborf1exibi1ityisa1soontheagenda;inpartsofEurope,topfema1e1egis1atorshavefoughttogiveemp1oyeeswithchi1drenore1der1yparentstherighttoaskforadjustab1ehours.Perhapsmostimportant,there

14、isanincreasing1yvibrantdebatearoundwork-1ifeba1ance.Studyafterstudyshowsthatitisaworkingwomanssecondfu11-timejobascaregiver-thatmakesitmostdifficu1tforhertostayonthecareer1adder.Whi1eextrabenefitsand1ongermaternity,1eavecanhe1p,theyarentacomp1eteso1ution.C1ear1y,someout-of-the-boxthinkingisrequired.

15、Andthatswherewomencomein.Incountries1ikeCameroon,Bo1iviaandMa1aysia,greaternumbersofwomeninpub1icofficehaveresu1tedin1essspendingonthemi1itaryandmoreonhea1th,educationandinfrastructure.Norway1Swoman-heavyPar1iamentrecent1ypasseda1awmandatingthat40percentofdirectorsoncorporateboardsbewomen.AndinGerma

16、ny,thearchetypa1outsider-awomanwhogrewuponthewrongsideoftheIronCurtain-wi111ike1ytakethehe1minacountrywithvirtua11ynootherwomenintoppositionsofpower.No1ongertheGir1butpoisedtobecomethechance11or,Merke1isasymbo1ofhowfarwomenhavecome-andtheworkthatremainstobedone.Accordingtoparagraphtwo,whatisthemostimportantissueofwomensachievementinpo1itics?A.InScandinaviaandBritain,womenaccountformorethan30%ofcorporatemanagers.5 .Between2000and2004