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1、冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(aan)两种。常考点:冠词表泛指、特指的基本用法;常见的固定搭配中的冠词。一、不定冠词的主要用法:不定冠词a用在辅音音素开头的词之前,如USefU1university,European,young,one等;an用在元音音素开头的词之前,如hour,honest,honour,X-ray等。不定冠词用在单数可数名词前,表示“每、一、类、某”1 .表示“每一”的概念(每日、每周、每年等)Henevercasthisnetmorethanfourtimesaday.2 .指某一种人或事物的任何一个Thebigoneisaco1ourTV.Thisisanapp
2、1e.3 .指人或事物的某一种类(One强调“数目”)Whichisheavier,ane1ephantorahorse?4 .指某人或某事物,但不具体说明是谁或是什么AMrJohnsonca11edtoseeyoujustnow.AprofessorfromBeijingUniversitywi11giveusareport.5 .用在一些固定词组或句型中:It,sapitythat.,inahurry,asaru1e,a1otof,haveawordwith,makea1iving,manyaan,catch(a)co1d,asawho1e,ata1oss,asaresu1t,atadis
3、tance(of.),inasense,onceinawhi1e,payavisitto,asamatteroffact,a11ofasudden,haveagoodtime,inaway,inaword,acoup1eof,haveaco1d/cough/pain/headache,afew,agreat/gooddea1of,a1itt1e/bit,agood/greatmany,goonatrip,havearest,takea1ook/wa1k/seat,makeadive,1iveahappy1ife,inadayortwo,apairof,withasmi1e,dosb.afavo
4、r,awasteoftime,have/runatemperature,gooutforawa1k,inawhisper,abigrain,astrongwind,givesb.abeating(抽象名词是表示动作的名词或动名词,a/an表示“一下”、“一次”).6 .一般来说,名词有(副词+)形容词修饰,不定冠词应置于其前,如a(very)nicehouse,但注意下列几种情况:whatagoodboy(=howgoodaboy),suchabeautifu1gir1(=sobeautifu1agir1),ashighapriceas,toohighaprice,ha1fanhour(=ah
5、a1fhour美),quiteac1evergir1,ratheraco1dday7 .不用不定冠词的情况:turntraitor,partof(如名词前有形容词则加),takepartin.,man,word二、定冠词的主要用法:(元音前加,辅音前8DI.特指:1 .特指某(些)人或某(些)事物2 .指交谈的双方都知道的人或事物:Takethechairtoyourroom.3 .名词有介词短语、分词短语、从句修饰时II.复指:指上文提到过的人或事;提到与已经提过的人或物有关的事物也必须用定冠词。II1其他:1 .表示世界上独一无二的事物:earth,moon,sun,sky,wor1d,u
6、niverse,g1obe2 .用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前:theUnitedStates,thePeop1e,sRepub1icofChina,theSummerPa1ace,theGreatWa113 .和某些形容词或分词连用,表示一类人或事物:o1d,young,sick,rich,oppressed,wounded,new4 .在形容词最高级和序数词前:thebiggestcity,thesecondarrow(asecondarrow,amostinterestingbook,theta11erofthetwostudents)5 .用在复数姓氏前,表示夫妇或一家人:IheGre
7、ens,the1is6 .与单数名词连用表示类别the+单数名词(指整个这一种类,着眼“全体”)表示类别4aan+单数名词(指这一种类中任何一个成员,着眼“个别”)I复数名词7 .在地理名称前三弯江捣运海虾和沙(山脉;海湾;江;半岛、群岛;运河;海洋;海峡;河流;沙漠):1heYe11owRiver,theUra1Mountains,theRedSea,thePacificOcean,theThames(单个的岛名之前一般不加the,半岛、群岛名称前才须加the;一座山的名称前一般不加the,山脉的名称前加the,比较:HainanIs1and/theWestIndies;MountTai/t
8、heUra1s)表示方位方向等位置关系的名词(作副词用时则不加)8 .乐器前:PIaythePianoguitarf1ute(但P1aye血:汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词)9 .某些习语中:hitsb.intheface,beb1indintherighteye,a11thetime,a11(the)yearround,bytheway,onthewho1e,intheway,tothepoint(offthepoint),IakeZseizeZgraspsb.bythearm,ontheright1eft,makethemostof,onthecontrary,inthemorning,inth
9、edaytime,gotothecinema/theatre,inthedark,intheend,ontheotherhand,theotherday,inthe1870*s,inthedistance,onthephone,forthetimebeing(=fbrthemoment),atthemoment,bythehourdaydozenpound(但byweight/time/piece)三、不用冠词的场合(零冠词)1 .在大多数专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前,一般不用冠词。e.g.Know1edgebeginswithpractice.Tom,China,cotton2 .复数名词
10、表示人或物的类别时不用冠词。3 .在表示球类运动、棋类游戏和学科名称的名词前不用冠词。e.g.p1aychess/cards/games/footba11,maths,Eng1ish(但theEng1ish1anguage)4 .在节日、星期几、月份、季节及一日三餐前一般不用冠词。e.g.NewYear,sDay,Sunday,September,supper(但theArmyDay,theSpringFestiva1,theMid-AutumnFestiva1)5 .在表示称呼的名词,表示头衔或职务的名词(作表语、同位语、补足语)前不用冠词。6 .用作书名或文章、课文等的标题时:FromEa
11、rthtoMoon7 .表示最高级的most作very解时:Itsmostbeautifu1.8 .as引导的让步状语从句中:Chi1dassheis,.9 .两个或两个以上的单数可数名词连用,当表示对比或并列使用,或是同一名词的重更使用时,不用冠词:nurseandpatient,husbandandwife,experimentafterexperiment10 .对自己的家人或亲友、熟人提及自己的家人或几乎可当作家人看待的人:nurse,teacher,cook.Father,Mother,Unc1e11 .用于独立主格结构时:swordinhand12 .用在akind/sort/ty
12、peof之后时13 .用在以by引起的表示交通、通讯手段的短语时:bybike(car,bus,p1ane,train,ship),byte1ephone14 .名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词(SOme,each,any,every,no)或名词所有格修饰时不用冠词。15 .在某些习惯用法中:afterschoo1(work,c1ass),onfoot,infact,bychance,inbed,beforec1ass,gotowork,athome,inspace,towardsevening,atpresent,turnwriter,attab1e,inchargeof,atnoon/da
13、wn/daybreak/night,frombeginningtoend,frommorningti11night,byday,indanger,insurprise,intown,fromhandtohand,fromwesttoeast,sidebyside,atsupper,onbusiness,dayandnight,inheaven,handinhand,shou1dertoshou1der,stepbystep,onduty,onho1iday,introub1e,arminarm,inpenci1(ink)注:在有些词组中,有无冠词其含义不同:in(the)frontof,at(
14、the)tab1e,by(the)sea,by(the)day,outof(the)question,awomanwith(a)chi1d在有些短语中,schoo1,hospita1,prison,bed,c1ass等词加冠词表示本意,不加冠词意义转化,表示抽象概念。四、抽象名词和物质名词前的冠词1.抽象名词和物质名词,在“特指”的情况下也用the。 Doyou1ikemusicofthefi1m? Iswaterinthewe11fittodrink?3)teaproducedinAnhuiisofgoodqua1ity.airistoobad.Openthewindow,p1ease.2
15、.在表示“一种”、“一场”、“一番”等具体概念时,可加a(an):aheavyrain一阵大雨,anicedcoffee一份冰咖啡3 .表示引起某种情绪的事时,不可数名词前面加不定冠词,使抽象概念具体化,当这些抽象名词前有形容词之类的定语修饰时,这种“具体化”更为明显:It,sbeenaD1eaSUretota1ktoyou.WhataSUrPriSeyou,vegivenme!在很多情况下,是否使用冠词,使用什么冠词,往往是一个习惯表达问题,要依赖平时在学习中注意观察,多读多记,培养语感,到解题时就能做到灵活运用。填空:1. Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforwhi1e,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.2. Jane,sgrandmotherhadwantedtowritechi1dren,sbookformanyyears,butonethingoranothera1waysgotintheway.3. Brainisgiftedinwritingmusic;heisvery1ike1ytobeBeethoven.4. Hemissedthego1dinthehighjump,butwi11getsecondchanceintheIongjump.5. Dogsareverypo