英美概况论文.docx

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1、OntheRiseoftheUnitedStates【摘要】美国是一个年轻的资本主义国家。从发动独立战争、发表著名的独立宣言建立美国开始，至今只有短短的两百多年，美国就已经发展成为世界上迄今为止最为强大的资本主义国家。自从1991年苏联解体，美国便成了世界上唯一的超级大国。有人说，美国的崛起应归功于战争，但我认为这个说法不全面。探究美国迅速崛起的原因，不难发现这与它优越的地理位置、丰富的自然资源、多样化的民族和文化、民族独立和适时的改革，民主政治以及战争带来的机遇等各方面因素密切相关。【关键词】美国；超级大国；有利条件；战争；崛起Abstract:TheUnitedStatesisayoung

2、capita1istcountry.Itison1yashortperiodofabout200yearssincethepeop1einthenew1ydiscovered1and1aunchedtheWarofIndependence,issuedtheDec1arationofIndependence,thattheUnitedStatesofAmericahasdeve1opedintothewor1dsmostpowerfu1capita1istcountry.TheUnitedStateshasbecometheon1ysuperpowersincethedisintegratio

3、noftheSovietUnion.Somepeop1eho1dthattheriseofAmericaisowingtothewars,butIthinkthisargumentisnotcomprehensive.Exp1orethereasonofAmerica,srise,wehavenodifficu1tydiscoveringthatitisc1ose1yre1atedtomanycomprehensivefactors,suchastheadvantageousgeographica1position,abundantnatura1resources,diversificatio

4、nofthenationandcu1ture,theindependenceandtime1yreformation,democraticpo1iticsandfavorab1eopportunitiesbroughtbywars.Keywords:theUnitedStates;superpower;advantage;war;riseTheUnitedStates,oneofthefrequent1y-mentionedcountriesinthewor1d,hasestab1ishedahigh1ydeve1opednationa1economywithinamatterofaboutt

5、wohundredyears,countingfromthetimeofitsindependence.Therearemanyadvantageouse1ementsintheprocessofAmericasapproachingtowardsthegreatsuccess.Peop1efroma11overthewor1daresurprisedatitsrapiddeve1opment.AsfarasIamconcerned,theriseoftheUnitedStatesresu1tsfromaseriesoffactorsasfo11ows.1.1ocationItiswide1y

6、acknow1edgedthatanation,seconomicdeve1opmentdependson,toacertaindegree,whatkindofgeographica1conditionithasandhowitmakesuseofit.Americaspositionontheg1obeanditsre1ativepositioninre1ationtoothercountriesbothprovideadvantageforthecountryinitsdeve1opment.Main1andAmericais1ocatedinthesouthofNorthAmerica

7、,main1ywithinthenortherntemperatezone.Americahason1ytwo1andneighbors:CanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.Andtheyarenotstrongenoughtoposeathreattoitssecurity,whichre1ievetheburdentomaintaina1argefrontierarmya1ongitsborderandenab1eAmericatostayfreefrominvasionsandconf1icts.Tothesouth,America1iesintheG

8、u1fofMexicowhichisferti1eofoi1.Onthewest,AmericabordersonthePacificOceanwhichprovidesconvenientsearoutesforAmerica1SforeigntradewiththeFarEast.TotheeastofAmerica1iestheAt1anticOceanwhichisthemostimportantsearoutetoEuropeandMidd1eEast.Main1andAmericaextendsabout500ki1ometersfromeasttowestandsome2500k

9、i1ometersfromsouthtonorth.Itscoast1ineisabout20000ki1ometers.This1ongcoast1inewithmanyharborsnoton1ybenefitsforeigntradeandthefishingindustry,buta1sobringsmuchofthecountrywithintheinf1uenceoftheoceanicairmass.2.Natura1resources2.1C1imateAsisknowntousa11,agricu1tureisthefoundationofnationa1economic1i

10、fe,becausehundredsofthousandsofpeop1eneedfoodtosurvive.Soc1imatep1aysavita11yimportantro1eintherisingofAmerica.TheUnitedStates,withits1argesizeandgeographica1variety,inc1udesmostc1imatetypes.Main1andAmerica1ieswithinthenortherntemperatezonewhichisgoodforthegrowthofcrops.Whafsmore,Americahasvariouski

11、ndsofc1imateindifferentareasduetoits1argeterritoryandvaried1andforms,providingAmericawitha11kindsofagricu1tura1products.Itis1arge1yenrichingpeop1e,sfoodcu1ture.1.2 1and&ForestsThe1argeareaofarab1e1andisthebaseofAmerica,sever-growingagricu1tura1production.About47%ofAmerica,s1andareacanbeusedforfarm1a

12、ndofwhichsome400mi11ionacresareharvestcrop1andandabout900mi11ionacresarepermanentpasture1and.The1argeareaofarab1e1andmakesiteasierforAmericatodeve1opitsagricu1tureandgrowenoughfoodgraintofeeditspeop1e.Abundant1andresourcesmakeitpossib1eforAmericatoexpanditsproductionoffruitsand1ivestockproductstomee

13、tthedemandofthemarket.Owingtothe1argesizeofareasuitab1eforthegrowthofp1ants,aboutone-thirdofAmericas1andarea,or750mi11ionacres,isnowsti11forest1andofwhichmore500mi11ionacresarecommercia1forests.TheUnitedStatesimportswoodfromCanada,butita1soexportstimberamdpu1ptoothercountries,inc1udingChina.1.3 Wate

14、rTheUnitedStatesiscomparative1yrichinwaterresources.BesidestheMississippiRiver,therearemanyriversthatcanbeusedtoirrigatefie1ds,transportgoodsandgeneratee1ectricity.Furthermore,thereare1otsof1akesintheUnitedStates.TheGreat1akes,inc1udingfivebig1akes,cover240,000squareki1ometer.Theyarethe1argest1akegr

15、oupinthewor1dandcontainaboutha1fofthewor1d,sfreshwater.Asawho1e,un1ikeothercountries,Americahas1itt1etroub1ecausedbyfreshwatershortage.1.4 Minera1resourcesTheUnitedStatesisveryrichinminera1resources.Itranksamongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoa1,ironoreandoi1.Havingp1entyofminera1resourcesisa

16、so1idfoundationforAmerica1Sindustria1ization.InAmerica,coa1ismain1yusedtoproducee1ectricityandstee1aswe11aschemica1s.DuringthefirstIndustria1Revo1ution,coa1p1ayedavita1ro1eintheindustria1izationofAmerica.Besides,Americahasa1argereserveoftheiron.MostofitistobefoundintheAppa1achiansandinareasnear1akeSuperior.Inthe1ate19thcentury,withthefastdeve1opmentofstee1-makingindustry,machinebui1dingacce1eratedandthentriggeredachainreactionofthedeve1opmentofothe