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1、摘要第一段:写论文解决什么问题1.问题的重述a.介绍重点词开头:例1:“HandmoveMirrigation,acheapbut1abor-intensiveSyStemUSedOnsma11farms,ConSiStSOfamovab1epipewithsprink1erontopthatcanbeattachedtoastationarymain.例2:isarea1-1ifecommonphenomenonWithmanycomp1exities.例3:An(effectivep1an)iscrucia1tob.直接指出问题:例1:WefindtheOPtima1numberofto1
2、1boothsinahighwayto11-p1azaforagivennumberofhighway1anes:thenumberofto11boothsthatminimizesaveragede1ayexperiencedbycars.例2:Abrand-newuniversityneedstoba1ancethecostofinformationtechno1ogysecuritymeasureswiththepotentia1costofattacksonitssystems.例3:WedeterminethenumberOfSPrinkIerStoUSebyana1yzingthe
3、energyandmotionofwaterinthepipeandexaminingtheengineeringparametersofsprink1ersavai1ab1einthemarket.例4:Aftermathematica11yana1yzingtheprob1em,ourmode1inggroupwou1d1iketopresentourconc1usions,strategies,(andrecommendations)tothe例5:Ourgoa1is.that(minimizesthetime)2 .解决这个问题的伟大意义反面说明。如果没有WithoUtimp1emen
4、tingdefensivemeasure,theuniversityisexposedtoanexpectedIoSSof$8.9mi11ionperyear.3 .总的解决概述a.通过什么方法解决什么问题例:WeaddresstheProb1emOfOPtimiZingamusementparkenjoymentthroughdistributingQuickPasses(QP),reservations1ipsthatidea11ya11owanindividua1toSPendIeSStimewaitingin1ine.b.实际问题转化为数学模型例1Weformu1atetheProbI
5、emasanetworkf1owinwhichverticesarethe1ocationsofescortsandwhee1chairpassengers.例2:丛naiveStrategyWOUIdbetoemp1oytheminimumnumberofescortstoguaranteethata11passengersreachtheirgatesontime.c.将问题分阶段考虑例3:Wedividethejumpintothreephases:f1yingthroughtheair,punchingthroughthestack,and1andingontheground.第二、三
6、段:具体分析1 .在什么模型中/建立了什么模型a.主流模型例1:Weformu1ateadifferentia1mode1toaccountfortheratesofchangeoftheseuses,andhowthischangeWOU1daffecttheovera11consumptionofwaterwithinthestudiedregion.例2:Weexaminedthemathematica1effectsofWedeve1opedadetai1ed(simu1ationmethodo1ogy)totestourideasandtoquantifythedifferences
7、between(among)different(strategies).例3:Basedon(writeyourbasis.suchasthetheoryofsupp1yanddemand),weestab1ishamode1(suchasdifferentia1equationsystemthatinc1udesdemand,supp1y).例4:To(writetheaims),weestab1ishacriterion(writethecriterion).b.模型非主流例5:Webui1damode1todeterminehowto1ayoutthepipeeachtimetheequ
8、ipmentismoved.例6:Wedetermine例7:Webui1damode1todetermine例8:Weformu1ateamode1forByana1yzing.andexamining2 .分析模型(使用什么数据,怎么做,一般三句话)a.写历史数据例1:Usinghistorica1datafromtheUnitedStates,wedetermineinitia1conditionsforourmode1,b.写计算机模拟例1:thismode11eadstoacomputersimu1ationofcatch-cantestsoftheirrigationsystema
9、nd例2:SoftWarepackingreachesbyca1cu1atingandcomparingc.运用数据模拟例1:togroundthismode1inrea1ity,Weincorporateextensivedemographicdataandrun例2:Wefitthemodifiedmode1todata(suchas1970-2003.).Weconc1udethat(writethe1astconc1ude),d.讲详细分析例1:Wephysica11ycharacterizethesystemthat.例2:Weprovideastrategy(writethe1og
10、ica1strategy).例3:The.mode1is(efficient,intuitive,andf1exib1e)andcou1dbeapp1iedto.例4:Tomeettheneedsofpeop1etodaywithout,weestab1ishacriterionofrationa1(合理的标准)oi1a11ocation(分配).3总结该模型的结果/得到什么结论a.说明不是最优但能产生作用例:Weshowthatthisstrategyisnotoptima1butcanbeimprovedbyassigningdifferentnumbersb.说明如果用这个模型,结果如何
11、例1:IfDe1taAir1inesweretouti1izethenaivestrategyatAt1antaInternationa1Airport,thecostwou1dbe例2:Wemodifythemode1toref1ect(sometrendsuchasexponentia11yincreasing)andgenera1izethemode1to(otherfie1d).例3:Ourresu1tsaresummarizedintheformu1afortheoptima1numberBofto11boothsforc.通过其上情况的列举得到的结论例:Forvarioussitu
12、ations,weproposeanoptima1so1ution.d.得出了结论例1:wee1icitthataconc1usion.例2:Weconc1udewithaseriesofrecommendationsforhowbestto.e进一步说明其他因素对模型的影响例:Inadditiontothemode1,wea1sodiscusspo1iciesforf.用真实数据检验模型例:Todemonstratehowourmode1works,weapp1yitto最后一段:写总的结论a.说明结论的可行性例:Oursuggestedso1ution,whichiseasytoimp1e
13、ment,inc1udesadetai1edtimetab1eandthearrangementofpipes.b.说明算法的广泛性例1:Oura1gorithmisbroadenoughtoaccommodatevariousairportconcourses,f1ightschedu1es,andf1ightde1ays.例2:Ourana1ysisbeganbydeterminingwhatfactorimpact,Ourconc1usionsarepresentedc.说明模型可用于其他领域列:Sinceourmode1isbasedonitcanbeapp1iedto(otherdo
14、main).其他(承上启下的连接词/常用词组)例:Inadditiontothemode1,wea1sodiscuss引言部分(1)回顾研究背景,常用词汇有review,summarize,present,out1ine,describe等(2)说明写作目的,常用词汇有P1IrPOSe,attempt,aim等,另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达(3)介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围,常用词汇有study,present,inc1ude,focus,emphasize,emphasis,attention等方法部分(1)介绍研究或试验过程,常用词汇有teststudy,investigate
15、,examine,experiment,discuss,consider,ana1yze,ana1ysis等(2)说明研究或试验方法,常用词汇有measure,estimate,ca1cu1ate等(3)介绍应用、用途,常用词汇有等结果部分(1)展示研究结果,常用词汇有show,resu1t,present等(2)介绍结论,常用词汇有SUmmary,introduce,conc1ude等讨论部分(1)陈述论文的论点和作者的观点,常用词汇有SiIggest,repot,present,expect,describe等(2)说明论证,常用词汇有等support,provide,indicate,identify,find,demonstrate,confirm,c1arify(3)推荐和建议,常用词汇有suggest,suggestion,recommend,recommendation,propose,necessity,necessary,expect等。摘要中常用的词语汇:critica1至关重要的a1gorithm运算法则ameihodofeva1uating评价方法appropriate近似的consider考虑configurations布局optima1统一的maximize使最大