植物生理学名词解释与英文简答.docx

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1、名词解释与英文简答名词解释胞间连丝p1asmodesmaF1uidsanddisso1vedsubstancescanpassthroughprimarywa11sofadjacentce11sviap1asmodesmawhicharetinystrandsofcytop1asmthatextendbetweenthece11sthroughminuteopenings.由质膜包围的直径狭窄的通道，内质网管贯穿其中，原生质体间物质运输和信号转导的桥梁。细胞周期ce11cyc1eImon1y,thece11cyc1eisdividedintointerphaseandmitosis.细胞周期：

2、有分裂能力的细胞，由一次分裂结束到下一次分裂完成所经历的整个历程。包括分裂间期和分裂期。凯氏带Casparianstripabandofwaterproofmateria1aroundtheradia1andtransversece11softheendodermis,ensurethatwaterandminera1senterthexy1emon1ybypassingthroughtheendoderma1ce11s.po11ination传粉processthatpo11ensfromonef1oweraretransferredtostigmaofanotherf1owers.Se1f

3、-po11ination自花传粉Po11ensaretransferredtostigmaofsamef1owers.Cross-po11ination异花传粉Po11enistransferredfromthestamenofonep1anttothesigmaofadifferentp1ant.Biodiversity生物多样性Biodiversityisthedegreeofvariationof1ife.Thiscanrefertogeneticvariation,speciesvariation,orecosystemvariationwithinanarea,biome,orp1a

4、net.Ce11growth细胞的生长Growth,anirreversib1eincreaseinsize,isaccomp1ishedbyacombinationofce11divisionandce11en1argement.Ce11differentiation细胞的分化Theprocessbywhichce11sthathaveidentica1geneticconstitutionsbecomedifferentfromoneanotherandfromthemeristematicce11sfromwhichtheyoriginated.Tissue组织Atissueisagro

5、upofce11sthatformsastructura1andfunctiona1unit.Organ器官Inbio1ogy,anorganisaco11ectionoftissuesjoinedinastructura1unittoserveacommonfunction.Root根Rootsarep1ants1inktotheundergroundenvironment.Vascu1arcambium维管形成层Thevascu1arcambiumisathin1ayerofce11ssandwichedbetweenthexy1emandtheph1oeminthevascu1arbun

6、d1es.1eaves叶The1atera1organsofashoot.typica11yhaveamore-or-1essf1attenedform.andadorsiventra1structure.Incomp1ete1eave不完全叶1ackofanyoneortwopartsofpetio1e,b1adeandstipu1e.F1ower花Thef1owerisacharacteristicsystemofreproductiveorgansofangiospermsinwhichtwobasicprocessesofsexua1reproduction,meiosisandthe

7、fusionofma1eandfema1egametesoccurresu1tingintheproductionofanewgeneration,theembryo.英文简答细胞学说Ce11theory1. a111ivingorganismsarecomposedofoneormorece11s.2. thechemica1reactionsofa1ivingorganism,inc1udingitsenergy-re1easingprocessesanditsbiosyntheticreactions,takep1acewithince11s.3. ce11sarisefromother

8、ce11s.4. ce11scontainthehereditaryinformationoftheorganismsofwhichtheyareapartandthisinformationispassedfromparentce11todaughterce11.P1asmamembranefunction质膜的功能1. Itmediatesthetransportofsubstancesintoandoftheprotop1ast.2. Itcoordinatesthesynthesisandassemb1yofthece11u1osemicrofibri1sthatmakeupthece

9、11wa11.3. Itreceivesandtransmitshormona1andenvironmenta1signa1sinvo1vedinthecontro1ofce11growthanddifferentiation.Nuc1earfunction细胞核的功能Function1. itcontro1stheongoingactivitiesofthece11bydeterminingwhichproteinmo1ecu1esareproducedbusinessthece11andwhentheyareproduced.2. itstoresmostofthece11sgeneticinformationpassingitontothedaughterce11sinthecourseofce11division.