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1、摘要:利率是民间借贷的核心问题,理论界虽然在民间借贷利率的规制与自由上存在争论,但纵观我国历史发展,我国民间借贷利率的司法保护在2023年8月进入了“挂钩1PR”的时代,明确了民间借贷利率的保护上限不再采用“两线三区”作为保护上限,而是以“1PR”的4倍作为标准,通过计算现在民间的借贷利率的法律保护上限,根据“1PR”的四倍标准来说,用在2023年8月规律的“1PR”3.85国的四倍计算,现在民间的借贷利率的法律保护上限为百分之15.4。这个数字相较于“两线三区”的24%与36%的界限,有较大的降幅。降幅较大的民间借贷利率虽然在一定程度上起到积极作用,如降低中小微企业的融资成本,有利于利率市场
2、化改革的方向,有利于营造市场化改革的外部环境。但是现行民间借贷利率规制模式以“四倍利率”标准规制民间借贷利率上限并没有形成一套成熟完善的体制机制,采取以司法机关“一刀切”的形式规制民间借贷利率已显现出其固有的局限性和法律适用上的问题,故本文正文部分除导论和结语外从以下三个部分展开讨论。第一部分,民间借贷的规制与自由,通过对中外理论界就民间借贷利率应该规制还是应当放任的争论进行梳理辨析,并在此基础上得出我国现有国情民间借贷利率规制仍属必要的结论。第二部分,我国民间借贷利率的解构。对我国民间借贷利最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定对民间借贷利率司法保护上限作出调整,明确以中国人
3、民银行授权全国银行间同业拆借中心每月20日发布的一年期贷款市场报价利率(1PR)的4倍为标准确定民间借贷利率的司法保护上限,取代原规定中“以24%和36$为基准的两线三区”的规定,大幅度降低民间借贷利率的司法保护上限。率进行解构,分析其利率规制在三个不同历史时期的贡献与不足,以及分析导致出现问题的原因。第三部分,我国民间借贷利率法律规制的优化。针对我国现有情况从资金用途上对民间借贷利率进行分类设置利率上限、建立民间借贷数据收集与分析制度,建立更完善的民间借贷监管体系及更明确的职权部门分工,明确我国民间借贷利率裁判标准进行完善。本文的创新之处在于对民间借贷利率规制进行辩证分析,从司法实践和经济学
4、原理入手,旨在针对中国国情的基础上提出突破现有局面的优化意见。本文的不足之处在于对于民间借贷利率规制的经济学原理因为跨学科领域的原因,知识了解不够深入,学术能力过于有限,且对域外文献的研究还较薄弱。Abstract:Interestrateisthecoreissueofprivate1ending,A1though1egis1atorsinancientandmoderntimeshavetheoretica1disputesontheregu1ationandfreedomofprivate1endinginterestrates,throughoutthehistorica1deve1o
5、pmentofourcountry,thejudicia1protectionofprivate1endinginterestratesinmycountryhasenteredthestageofjudicia1protectioninAugust2023.TheEraof1inkingto1PRTheProvisionsoftheSupremePeop1e,sCourtonSevera1IssuesConcerningtheApp1icationof1awintheTria1ofPrivate1endingCases“adjustedtheupper1imitofjudicia1prote
6、ctionofprivate1endinginterestrates,andmadeitc1earthattheNationa1InterbankFundingCenterauthor!zedbythePeop1e,sBankofChinawi11issueonthe20thofeachmonth.4timesoftheone-year1oanmarketquotedrate(1PR)isthestandardtodeterminetheupper1imitofjudicia1protectionoftheprivate1endingrate,rep1acingthetwo1inesandth
7、reedistricts,zintheorigina1,zRegu1ations7basedon24%and36%.substantia1reductioninthejudicia1protectioncei1ingforprivate1endingrates.,whichc1arifiedthattheupper1imitofprotectionforprivate1endingratesno1ongerusesiitwo1inesandthreeregions”astheprotectionupper1imit,but4timesthea1PRwasthestandard.Accordin
8、gtothe4timesstandardof1PR,the1PRinAugust2023is3.85%OnAugust20,2023,theNationa1InterbankFundingCenterisauthorizedtopub1ishthe1oanmarketquotationrate(1PR)announcement()thecurrentupper1imitofjudicia1protectionofprivate1endingratesis15.4%,comparedwiththe24%and36%boundariesofthetwo-tierandthree-zonezz,th
9、isfigurehasa1argerdeciine.A1thoughtheprivate1endinginterestratewitha1argedrophaspIayedapositivero1etoacertainextent,suchasreducingthefinancingcostofsma11,mediumandmicroenterprises,itisconducivetothedirectionofinterestratemarket-orientedreformandisconducivetocreatinganexterna1environmentformarket-ori
10、entedreform.However,thecurrentprivate1endinginterestrateregu1ationmode1usingthe“fourtimestheinterestratestandardtoregu1atetheupper1imitofprivate1endinginterestrateshasnotformedamatureandcompIetesystemandmechanism,andthezzone-size-fits-a11zformofjudicia1organstoregu1ateprivate1endinginterestrateshass
11、hownitsinherentIimitations.Therefore,inadditiontotheintroductionandconc1usion,themainbodyofthisartic1ewi11bediscussedinthefo11owingthreeparts.Thefirstpart,thereguIationandfreedomofprivate1ending,throughtheana1ysisofthedebatebetweenChineseandforeigntheoretica1circ1esonwhetherprivate1endinginterestrat
12、esshou1dberegu1atedorshou1dbea11owedtoconc1usion.Thesecondpartisthedeconstructionofmycountry,sprivate1endingrate.Itdeconstructstheinterestrateofprivate1endinginmycountryfromcontributionsanddeficienciesofitsinterestrateregu1ationinthreedifferenthiStorica1periods,andana1yzesthereasonsfortheprob1ems.Th
13、ethirdpartistheoptimizationofthe1ega1regu1ationoftheinterestrateofprivate1endingthecurrentsituationinourcountry.Accordingtoinmycountry,c1assifytheprivate1endingfunds,setaninterestprivate1endingdatainterestratefromtheuseofratecei1ing,estab1ishaco11ectionandana1ysissystem,estab1ishamorecomp1eteprivate
14、1endingsupervisionsystemandac1earerdivisionofpowers,andc1arifythejudgmentofprivate1endinginterestratesinmycountry.Standardsareimproved.Theinnovationofthispaper1iesinthedia1ectica1ana1ysisoftheinterestratereguIationofprivate1ending,startingfromjudicia1practiceandeconomicprincip1es,aimingatmoreaccurat
15、eapp1icationoftheexisting1awsandreguIations,andputtingforwardoptimizationopinionsthatbreakthroughtheexistingsituation.Theshortcomingsofthispaperarethattheeconomicprincip1esofinterestratereguIationofprivate1endingarenotin-depthknow1edgeduetointerdiscip1inaryreasons,theacademicabi1ityistooIimited,andtheresearchonforeign1iteratureissti11re1ative1yweak.关键词:民间借贷;民间借贷利率;1PR四倍;法律规制Keywords:private1ending;private1endingrate;1PRquadrup1e;1ega1regu1ation目录O导论80.1问题的提出80.2文献综述90.2.1国内研究现状90.2.2国外研究现状110.3研究方法131 .民间借贷利率规制的规制与自由141.1 民间借贷利率需要法律规制141.2 民间借贷利率需要放松法律规制1613我国民间借贷利率法