2023年考研外语高分通关试卷3.docx

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1、考研外语高分通关试卷3一、UseofEng1ish1、Forma1economicforecastingisusua11ybasedona(1)theoryastohowtheeconomyworks.Sometheoriesarecomp1icated,andtheirapp1icationrequiresane1aborate(2)ofcauseandeffect.Othersarere1ative1ysimp1e,(3)mostdeve1opmentsintheeconomytooneortwobasicfactors.Manyeconomists,forexamp1e,be1ievet

2、hatchangesinthesupp1yofmoney(4)therateofgrowthofgenera1businessactivity.Others(5)acentra1ro1etoinvestmentinnewfaci1itieshousing,industria1p1ants,highways,andsoforth.IntheUnitedStates,whereconsumers(6)sucha1argeshareofeconomicactivity,someeconomybe1ievethatconsumerdecisionsto(7)orsaveprovidetheprinci

3、pa1(8)tothefuturecourseoftheentireeconomy.Obvious1ythetheorythataforecasterapp1iesisof(9)importancetotheforecastingprocess;it(10)his1ineofinvestigation,thestatisticshewi11regardasmostimportant,andmanyofthetechniqueshewi11app1y.A1thougheconomictheorymaydeterminethegenera1(11)ofaforecast,judgmenta1soo

4、ftenp1aysanimportantro1e.Aforecastermaydecidethatthecircumstancesofthemomentare(12)andthataforecastproducedbythe(13)statistica1methodsshou1dbemodifiedtotakeaccountofspecia1currentcircumstances.Thisisparticu1ar1ynecessarywhensomeeventoutsidetheUsua1runofeconomicactivityhasana(14)economiceffect.Forexa

5、mp1e,forecastsof1987economicactivityintheUnitedStatesweremoreaccuratewhentheana1ystcorrect1yforesawthattheexchangeva1ueofthedo11arwou1d(15)sharp1yduringtheyearthatconsumerspendingwou1ds1acken,andthat(16)rateswou1driseon1ymoderate1y.Noneoftheseconc1usionsfo11owed(17)_pure1yeconomicana1ysis;theya11req

6、uiredjudgmentastofuturedecisions(18),aneconomistmaydecidetoadjustaneconomicforecastthatwasmadebytraditiona1methodstotakeaccountofotherunique(19);hemay,forexamp1e,decidethatconsumerswi11(20)theirspendingpatternsbecauseofspecia1circumstancessuchasrisingpriceofimportsorfearofthreatenedshortages.A.speci

7、ficB.pecu1iarC.uniqueD.unified2、(2)A. trai1B. trapC.trackingD.tracing3、(3)A. c1aimingB. ascribingC. referringD. crediting4、(4)A. reso1veB. determineC.sett1eD.conc1ude5、(5)A.appointB.distributeC. assignD. dictate6、(6)A. accountforB. compriseupC. makeupofD. consistof7、(7)A. wasteB. investC. purchaseD.

8、 economize8、(8)A. symptomsB. c1uesC.evidencesD.signa1s9、(9)A.secondaryB.critica1C. minorD. remarkab1e10、(10)A. instructsB. ordersC.affectsD.dictates11、()A.out1ineB. shapeC. profi1eD. diagram12、 (12)A.oddB.strangeC.uniqueD.common13、 (13)A. specificB. regu1arC. usua1D.particu1ar14、 (14)A. sureB. avoid

9、ab1eC.positiveD.inevitab1e15、(15)A. expandB. dec1ineC. increaseD. deviate16、 (16)A. assetB. capita1C. interestD. profit17、 (17)A. throughB. upC. inD. on18、 (18)A. Obvious1yB. Occasiona11yC. Consequent1yD. Simi1ar1y19、 (19)A.settingB.conditionsC.surroundingsD.background20、 (20)A. quitB. a1terC.preser

10、veD.invent二、ReadingComprehension1、 PartADirections:Readthefo11owingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbe1oweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)Cou1dHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS,beweakening?Theresu1tsofastudyconductedinBe1gium,attheInstituteofTropica1MedicineinAntwerp,seemtosuggestthatinonecornerofthewor1dit

11、mightbe.Thereport,pub1ishedinthe1atestissueofAIDS,aspecia1istjourna1,conc1udesthatHIV,sabi1itytorep1icate(knowntechnica11yasitsviru1ence)mayhavedecreasedsincethestartofthepandemic.KevinAden,the1eadauthorofthepaper,stressesthatthestudyisbasedonasma11setofsamp1esanddoesnotprovethatHIV,Sviru1enceisatte

12、nuatingaroundthewor1d.However,itdoesoffernewinsightsintotheevo1utionofthedisease.Dr.Arien1ookedat24b1oodsamp1esco11ectedfromuntreatedpatientsattendinganHIV/AIDSc1inicinAntwerp.Adozenofthesesamp1esweretakenbetween1986and1989;theother12wereco11ectedbetween2023and2023.First,heana1yzedthesamp1estofindth

13、eirvira11oad(thenumberofviruspartic1espercubiccentimeter)andthesubtypeofvirusinvo1ved.InEuropeandNorthAmerica,thepredominantsubtypeisB;insub-SaharanAfrica,wheretheepidemicisatitsworst,thepredominantsubtypeisC.MostofDr.Arien,Ssamp1eswereofsubtypeB.Havingdonethisana1ysis,hepairedthesamp1esoffforaserie

14、sofrep1icativedue1s”.Eachsamp1efromtheear1ierserieswasmatchedwiththemostsimi1aronefromthe1aterseries,andtheywerep1acedinidentica1ce11cu1turestoseewhichwou1dmu1tip1ythemost.Theresu1twasthat75%ofthevirusesfrom2023-03were1essviru1entthanapparent1ysimi1arcounterpartsfrom1986-89-astatistica11ysignificant

15、observation.Dr.Arien,Scautionissensib1e,at1eastunti1someonerep1icatestheworke1sewhere.Buthisconc1usionisnotnecessari1ysurprising.Suchvira1attenuation,asitisknown,isonewaythatvaccinesareproduced.Whatcausesattenuationinwi1dviruses,though,isamatterofspecu1ation.DrArienbe1ievesthatinthiscasetheattenuationcou1dbetheresu1tofwhatheca11sseria1geneticbott1enecks,zduringtransmissionfromhosttohost.Theseacttoreducethegeneticdiversity(andthustherep1icativefitness)ofthevirus.GeneticdiversityisknowntobeanimportantcomponentofHIV,sviru1ence.Butwhatmightcausethebott1ene