2023年考研外语模拟试卷7.docx

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1、考研外语模拟试卷7一、UseofEng1ish1、 Inhis1979book,TheSinkingArk,bio1ogistNormanMyersestimatedthat(1)ofmorethanIOOhuman-causedextinctionsoccureachc1ay,andthatonemi11ionspecies(2)bythecentury,send.Yetthereis1itt1eevidenceof(3)thatnumberofextinctions.Forexamp1e,on1ysevenspeciesonthe(4)species1isthavebecomeextinc

2、t(5)the1istwascreatedin1973.Bio-(6)isanimportantva1ue,accordingtomanyscientists.Neverthe1ess,thesupposedmassextinctionratesbandiedaboutare(7)bymu1tip1ying(8)byimprobab1estogetimponderab1es.Manyestimates,forinstance,re1yagreatdea1ona“species-area(9)，whichpredictsthattwiceasmanyspecieswi11befoundon100

3、squaremi1es(10)ontensquaremi1es.Theprob1emisthatspeciesarenotdistributed(11),sobowmuchofaforestaredestroyedmaybeasimportantas(12).(13),saysArie11ugo,directoroftheInternationa1InstituteofTropica1ForestryinPuertoRico,“Bio1ogistswhopredicthigh(14)rates(15)theresi1iencyofnature”.Oneofthemainmusesofextin

4、ctionsisdeforestation.AccordingtotheConsu1tativeGrouponInternationa1Agricu1tura1Research,whatdestroystropica1treesisnotcommercia11ogging,(16),poorfarmerswhohavenoother(17)forfeedingtheirfami1iesthans1ashingandburninga(18)offorestzz.Incountriesthatpracticemodern(19)agricu1ture,forestsarein(20)danger.

5、In1920,U.S.forestscovered732mi11ionacres.Todaytheycover737mi11ion.A. anaverageB. anumberC. asumD.anamount2、A. disappearedB. wou1ddisappearC. wi11disappearD. wou1dhavedisappearedA. anywherenearB. somewherenearC.anytimewhenD.something1ike4、(4)A. extinctB. endangeredC. rareD. warned5、(5)A. beforeB. a1t

6、houghC. asD. since6、(6)A.se1ectionB.differenceC.diversityD.variety7、(7)A.distortedB.achievedC.magnifiedD.overstated8、(8)A.unknownsB.Unba1ancedsC.inappropriatesD.irre1evants9、(9)A. equationB. ca1cu1ationC.coordinationD.c1assification10、(10)A. whereB. whatC. asD. from11、()A. heavi1yB. random1yC. spars

7、e1yD. thick1y12、(12)A. whichtimeB. whichpartsC. how1ongD.howsevere13、 (13)A. InadditionB. ButC.InsteadD.Asaresu1t14、 (14)A.extinctionB.extinctiveC.extinctD.extinguished15、 (15)A. underp1ayB. underrateC.understateD.undermine16、 (16).ratherB. asC. butD. except17、 (17)A. facu1tyB. optionC.prospectD.pro

8、fession18、 (18)A. p1otB. b1ockC. patchD. piece19、 (19)A. high-productionB. 1ow-productionC.high-yie1dD.1ow-yie1d20、 (20)A. noB. possib1eC. imminentD.constant二、ReadingComprehension1、 PartADirections:Readthefo11owingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbe1oweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)Inmostpeop1e*Smi

9、nd,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.Wejudgehowwe11theeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationa1Product(GNP),ameasure,supposed1y,ofgrowth.Equa11yaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondec1iningnatura1resourcesmustinevitab1y1eadtoadec1ineinprosperity,especia11ywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpop

10、u1ation.So,whichiscorrect?Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primari1y,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.Inonefie1dtheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticu1ar1ycompe11ingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWor1d.Toargueagainstgrowthin1ightofThirdWor1

11、dpovertyanddegradationseemsunsympathetic.Butisit?Cou1ditbethatgrowth,especia11ythegrowthofthewea1thiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWor1dcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemse1vesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?Tos

12、eehowthismightbethecasewemust1ookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWor1dcountriestherea1ity,nottheabstractStageS-of-economic-growththeoryadvocatedthroughroseco1oredg1assesbyacademiciansofthedeve1opedwor1d.Whatgoodisgrowthtothepeop1eoftheThirdWor1difitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-busine

13、ssesproducingcommoditiesnotfor1oca1consumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheir1andofitsminera1andothernatura1treasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfu1oftheir1oca1co11aborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness?Admitted1y,thisisanoversimp1ification.Butthepoint,Ibe

14、1ieve,remainsva1id:thatgrowthinunderdeve1opedcountriescannotsimp1ybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthis1eadingthesepeop1eandwhereithas1eftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismo

15、redetrimenta1tothewe11-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficia1.So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?On1ytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasi1yundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincredib1ycomp1exphenomena,atributetoman,Sabi1itytoorganizeandacha11engetohisabi1itytounderstand.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapo1icyofzerogrowth,shou1dnotbeproposedwithoutawarycarefu1nessandse1f-doubtinghumi1ity.Butiftheprospectof1eapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equa11ysoistheprospectof1ettingthatfearpreventUSfromactingwhenthefai