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1、EPC模式下投标阶段承包商的风险管理研究摘 要工程项目呈大型化、复杂化趋势,发承包方式的变革,以及跨地区、跨国界的合作给承包商带来新的挑战和风险。EPC模式较好地解决了工程项目中连续的项目管理过程互相分离的矛盾,可以在很大程度上缩短工期、节约投资、提高工程运作效率、降低工程总造价,逐渐成为国际上工程承发包的主流模式之一。但是,承包商在得到相对较高利润的同时,也承担了更多的风险。介于前期资料的不确定性,项目投标阶段承包商面临着大量风险,尤其是典型的投标报价风险。投标报价的高低不仅是项目能否中标的决定因素,而且是项目中标后能否成功的重要因素。因此,分析EPC模式下承包商投标阶段的风险并对其进行正确
2、的管理对保障承包商利益具有重要意义。本文在深入分析EPC模式的基础上,依据风险管理的内容及流程,详细探讨了EPC模式下投标阶段承包商风险识别风险评价风险应对的风险管理全过程。具体包括:1)根据不同的风险来源,运用多种识别方法,深入分析了承包商的风险因素及风险事件,并建立详细的风险清单;2)运用合适的风险评价方法和技术,对已识别出的风险清单进行了风险评价;3)针对已识别和分析的风险,根据合理的风险应对流程,建立了与风险关联的投标报价程序,构建了相应的风险应对措施矩阵。最后结合一个案例,对EPC模式下承包商投标阶段的风险进行了较为全面的分析。关键词:EPC 承包商 风险管理 投标阶段Researc
3、h on the Risk Management of the Contractor under EPC Mode in Bidding PhaseABSTRACTConstruction project bees larger and more plicated. The way of allocating and contracting has changed, and the cooperation of trans-regional and trans-national has brought new challenges and risks to the contractor. EP
4、C mode has solved the contradictions of the projects separated from each other in the project management process, and the conflict can greatly shorten the construction period, save investment, improve project operation efficiency and reduce project total cost. EPC mode is a kind of important contrac
5、ting mode of large-scale construction. The main contractor gets relatively higher profit. However, it also takes on more risk at the same time. Based on the uncertainty of the material, the project tendering phase contractor faced massive risk, especially the typical bidding quoted price risk.The di
6、scretion of the bid price quotation is not only whether they can bid the project, but is also the decision factors that can lead to success after the bids. Therefore, analytical EPC contractor bidding stage under the mode of risk and the right to security contractor interests of management is import
7、ant.Based on the charactistics of EPC mode and the content and process of risk management, this article discussed the EPC mode tender stage contractors Risk identificationRisk assessmentRisk response of all process of risk management. From the EPC mode contractor is confronted with risk identificati
8、on of tendering phase. Researched in the contractor bidding phase of the study of risk analysis and risk response. Introduced the bid price quotation risk corresponding risk identification, risk analysis and risk response, classification of risk, applyed a variety of recognition methods, and in-dept
9、h analysised of the general contractor risk factors and risk events, and established the detailed risk list. In order to minimize the bidding phase due to losses from offer error, improve projects profitability. Finally, this paper bining a case, which is the risks of systemic analysis of the EPC mo
10、de contractor bidding phase,including 1)According to different sources of risk, using various identification method, in-depth analysis of the contractors risk factors and risk events, and establish the detailed risk list. 2) Using appropriate risk assessment method and technique, evaluating the risk
11、 of the identified the risk list. 3)According to the risk that have already recognised and analysised, according to the reasonable risk response process, established the bid price squotation procedure which associated with the risk,Constructed the corresponding risk measures matrix. Finally, with a
12、case of EPC mode contractor bidding phase of risk making a prehensive analysis of EPC mode contractor bidding phase of risk.Key words: EPC Contractor Risk Management Tendering Ph目 录第一章 绪论11.1 问题提出11.2 国内外研究现状11.2.1 EPC模式研究现状11.2.2风险管理研究现状21.2.3 EPC模式下承包商风险管理研究现状31.3 研究的内容和技术路线61.3.1 研究内容61.3.2 技术路线7
13、第二章 相关基础知识82.1 EPC总承包模式82.1.1 EPC总承包模式的结构82.1.2 EPC工程总承包的主要内容92.1.3 EPC总承包模式的优缺点102.1.4 EPC 模式与其它常见总承包模式的比较112.1.5 EPC项目中业主和承包商的责任范围142.2项目风险管理152.2.1风险的含义152.2.2 项目风险管理过程16第三章 EPC模式下投标阶段承包商的风险识别183.1项目风险识别的程序183.2项目风险识别的方法183.3 EPC模式下投标阶段承包商的风险来源分析193.4 EPC模式下投标阶段的承包商风险清单26第四章 EPC模式下投标阶段承包商的风险分析与评价
14、284.1 EPC项目风险分析技术的选择284.2 风险指数法的步骤294.3 风险指数法评价结果30第五章 EPC模式下投标阶段承包商的风险应对325.1 风险应对策略的选择流程325.2 EPC模式下投标阶段承包商的风险应对策略335.2.1 EPC模式下承包商投标报价流程335.2.2 EPC模式下投标阶段承包商风险管理矩阵33第六章 EPC项目投标阶段承包商风险管理案例分析386.1工程概况386.2西部管道工程投标阶段的风险识别406.3西部管道工程投标报价风险的应对43结论4546致谢48外文资料1中文译文15第一章 绪论1.1 问题提出工程项目呈大型化、复杂化趋势,发承包方式的变
15、革,以及跨地区、跨国界的合作给承包商带来新的挑战和风险1。由于业主倾向、资源配置和综合效益等方面的优势,EPC交钥匙模式逐渐成为国际上工程承发包的主流模式之一2。EPC总承包是大型建设工程中一种重要的承包模式,EPC模式较好地解决了工程项目中连续的项目管理过程互相分离的矛盾,可以在很大程度上缩短工期、节约投资、提高工程运作效率、降低工程总造价3。因此,此类项目的业主希望尽可能少地承担项目实施的风险,以避免在项目实施过程中追加过多的费用和给予承包商过多延长工期的权利,从而期望能使项目的费用和工期固定下来4。然而,在当今建筑市场竞争激烈、僧多粥少的情况下,业主常常通过苛刻的合同条款把风险转移给承包商5。在EPC总承包合同中,承包商需要面对比传统承包合同下大得多的风险6。正如在银皮书中规定“只要承包商签订了合同,就意味着他接受了预见到圆满完成工程所碰到的一切困难,以及所需的全部费用”7,这就意味着对于承包商而言,EPC合同模式下其承担了大部分的工程风险3。如果承包商在工程承包中承担了过多的风险,就会严重影响和制约企业的发展。因此,EPC模式下对承包商的风险管理水平提出了更高的要求。鉴于EPC项目所处环境和前期工程量的不确定性等因素,项目投标阶段承包商面临着大量风险,尤其是典型的投标报价风险。只有对项目投标阶段可能遇到的风险因素有全面且深刻的了解,才能