2023年写作笔记.docx

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1、7.16托福写作综合写作听力的要点和细节 要点：一般情况下辩驳阅读的观点由阅读观点引申其他结论假设类提出不同观点 细节：12个细节关键词提醒长难句/连词 听力的注意事项根据阅读推断听力也许细节第一段找感觉（不需要笔记）顺着逻辑逆推反例阅读和听力的关系阅读听力事实推论，直接推翻客观证据辩驳关系缺陷局限性h解决方案两种假说，各执一词听力中慢读、重读的95%是细节点。 写作注意事项1,分四段（段间空行，段首顶格，句首大写,标点空格）2,指代称谓固定3,陈述/辩驳动词替换4,阅读：改写为佳；听力：求同最佳阅读:thepassage;thewriter;theauthor听力：the1ecture;th

2、eprofessor；thespeaker讨论：争论:辩论:discuss;argue；debate;haveadebateon认为;阐述;声称；主张；拥护；建议:C1aim;SUggeSt;maintain;UPhok1;State;propose；recommend;aPpea1;cone1ude;pu1fbrward辩驳：反对：disagree;refuse;reject；refute;rebut;oppose;contradict;viewthequestion/issuefromanoppositeperspective/ang1e;doeSnotho1dwater（站不住脚）举例:

3、forexampe；forinstance;citingtheevidence/reasonthat模板：语言补充一开头段ThereadingpasSageexp1orestheissueof（讨论话题）.Theprofessor,s1ecturedeaIswiththesameissue.However,he/shethinksthat（话题总论点），whichcontradictswhatthereadingstates.Andinthe1ecture,hesheusesthreespecificpointstosupporthis/heridea.Exp1ore,exaimines,de

4、a1swith,copieswith,isconcernedwith,isabout,focuses,issuue,subject,topicHowever,but,yet,evenso,despitethat,Support,confirm,backup,StrengthenPractice：Thereadingpassageexp1orestheissueofwhetheremp1oyeesshou1dwordfourdaysaweek.Thespeaker,s1ecturedea1swiththeSameissue.However,heho1dtheviewthatenp1oyeessh

5、ou1dnottaketheoption，whichcontradictswhatthereadingstates.AndintheIecture,heusesthreespecificpointstosupporthisidea.主体段1First,evernthoughthereadingpassagesuggeststhat（阅读论点1）,theprofessorarguesintheIecturethat（听力论点1）.ThiSisbecause（听力细节1）A1though,whi1e,whereas,主体段2Moreover,contrarytothestatementinther

6、eadingthat（阅读论点2）,theprofessorcontendsthat（听力论点）.Thenhe/shesupportsthispointwiththefactthat（听力细节2）主体段3Fina11y,theprofessorassertsthat（听力论点3）whereastheauthorofthereadingC1aimSthat（阅读论点3）.Theprofessorprovesthatthisc1aimisindefensib1e（不可防御的）bypointingoutthat（听力细节3）.Practice：First,eventhoughthereadingpa

7、ssagesuggeststhatworkingon1yfourdaysaweekwi11increasecompanicsprofits,theProfessorrefutesthispointinthe1ecture.Thisisbeeausecompaniesneedtoprovidenewworkerswithtrainingandmedica1benefits,aswe11asofficespaceandcomputers,whichwou1dcutofftheprofitsofcompanies.（假说类型reading阅读细节也要写）听力中出现阅读中没有的时间和数字,要记下来。特

8、别是数字。听不出细节就听三遍。独立写作5分标准Effective1yaddreSSeSthetOPiCandtaskWe11organizedandwe11deve1opedAppropriateexp1anations,exem1ificationsanddetai1sUnity,progressionandcoherenceDisp1ayscinsistantfaci1ityintheuseof1,addressthetopic2,we11demonstration1ogica1reasoningspecificdetai1s3, we11organized4, Ianguageuse独立

9、写作破题利弊类讨论“该不该”的问题。对题干内容进行假设，寻找假如该情况发生后所产生的好处或坏处，从而拟定自己的观点。信号词：shou1dimportantAisbetterthanBAorB,whichonedoyouprefer?受益方受损方事实类讨论“是不是”的问题。题干为结论性表达。需要寻找该结果在现实生活中的具体体现。假如条件允许,进一步寻找导致这种现象的因素。信号词：具有现象描述性汉语:是不是有没有解题策略：1,宜接找导致这种情况发生的因素。2,先找实例，并找出因素反推。3,只能找到一个因素，将该因素作为文章的中心思想，而主题段落进行举例说明（拆分举例）。拆分：年龄、职业、身份比较/

10、对比一定要对比着说分层比较分别比1）甲方面：ABAC1）AB2）乙方面:ABAC2）AC3）丙方面：ABAC绝对词类特性：1、形容词最高级2、never/on1yaIways/imposSibIe/no1onger/nothingtodowi解题策略观点取驳论fdisagree两步走：认可合理性一辩驳绝中f针对绝对词来辩Itisagoodwayto1earnaboutaforeignbyreadingthenewSpaperandmagaZinesfromthecountry.ButitiSnottheon1ymethod.Thereasonsareasfb11ows.First,therei

11、sa1wayssomedifferencebetweennewspaperandrea1ity.Wecan因果类Agree架桥法Disagree驳因/驳果/驳因果关系7/20CConVenience便利分论点不能简朴地说“很方便”，要具体说是的某一方面。省时：time-savingapp1iance(microwaveoven,washingmachine,chore,hairdryer)省钱:groupbuying,intemet/onIinestorediscountAgree/Disagree：Itisbettertotrave1aboardthantotrave1domestica11

12、y.Trave11ingdomestica11yismoreconvenient.Un1ikeforeignones,domestictourdoesnotentai1ge11ingavisa,exchangingcurrency,1earnningafbreignIanguage.Doyouprefertoinvitemanypeop1eandho1dabigpartyortoinvitecIosefriendsandfamiIymembersfbrasma11party?Thehostdoesnothavetoworryaboutsendingoutinvitation,attending

13、toguestsandc1eaningupafterwards.H-Hea1thandsafety健康与安全身心健康:Physica1andpsycho1ogica1hea1thfitnessconditions/we11being产生危害：impose/exertdangeronsth/negativeeffectsonsth.Teenager：obesity肥胖shortsight,insomnia失眠;depression抑郁,beteased/beIaughedatFee1onese1finferior,bese1f-abasedSch1sareno1ongernecessarybec

14、ausestudentscangetenoughinformationathorneusingcomputers.Soreshou1derandneckpainAccidents；crimespoHtica1turmoi1政治动乱Injureyourkneesandank1esFracture骨折get1ostE-Environment环境1,eco-friend1yproducts（eco1ogy生态学）ECo1Ogyecosystemecocide（生态破坏）pesticide杀虫剂ferti1izer施肥Ecoicideiscausedbyoveruseofferti1izerandpe

15、Sticide.Eco-friend1yproductshaveminima11ynegativeeffectsontheenvironment,contributingtosustainabIedeve1opment.在一个单词前面加上a+单词第一个字母表达强调比如attainattendappointcess-走比如succeSS2,全球变暖Greenhousegasemission-*g1oba1warmingemitFactors:1) exhaustfrommotorvehic1es2) burningoffbssi1fue1s3) Deforestation-森林砍伐Iogging伐木Effects:1) riseinsea1eve12) c1imatechange3) desertification4) extinctionofmanyspecies/reducediversityofecosystem3.大气污染雾霾urbansmog口语：smi1encebromance不能用在作文Endangersourh