鲁教版九年级语法专题研究九、简单句（基础知识、例题及练习题）.docx

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1、专题九简单句五大基本句型What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！-What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！How+形容词或副词(+主语+谓语)！ hoW.引导How+主语+谓语！ 11倒装句一疑问句what引导感叹句there, here等副词引导的倒装句,only引导的倒装句so, neither引导的倒装句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句肯定祈使句简单句反意疑问句否定祈使句There be句型与主谓一致There be句型_主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致、就近原则)五大基本句型LS (主)+Vi.(谓)：谓语动词为不及物动

2、词，能表达完整的意思。不及物动词后可接状语进行修饰。例： They (S) talked (V) for half an hour (介词短语作状语).The pen (S) writes (V) smoothly (副词作状语).2.S (主)+V.(系)+P (表)：谓语动词为连系动词，不能表达完整的意思。例： This kind of food (S) tastes (V) delicious (P).(表特征)(2)1 (S) is getting (V) warmer and warmer (P).(表变化)3.S (主)+Vt.(谓)+0 (宾)：谓语动词为及物动词，必须跟动作的承

3、受者(宾语)意义才能完整。例： She (S) plans (V) to swim (0) on Monday (介词短语作状语).Tom (S)enjoys (V) -laying football (O).4.S (主)+Vt.(谓)+10 (间接宾语)+DO (直接宾语)：(1)谓语动词须跟两个宾语才能表达完整意思。两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，一个是动作的间接承受者。例： My father (S) bought (V) me (IO) a pen (DO).The cinema (S) will show (V) us (IO) a new movie (DO).(2)常见跟双宾语

4、的动词。例：buy, pass, lend, give, teach, show, bring, offer5.S （主）+Vt.（谓）+0 （宾）+C （宾补）:（1）说明宾语特点、身份等。例： You (S) should keep (V) the room (O) clean (C).（2）通过感官知道宾语做了某事或让宾语去完成某个动作。例： Dad (S) saw (V) Tom (O) playing basketball (C).I .命题点1MV:问句1 .一般疑问句Be+主语+其他?例：Is she from Britain? 她来自英国吗?-Yes,she is.是的,她是。

5、情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？例：-Must I finish the report today?我必须今天完成报告吗？-Yes, you must.是的，你必须。助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？例：Did she like to dance when she was young?她小时候喜欢跳舞吗?Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？例：Have you ever been to Tibet?你去过西臧吗?2 .特殊疑问句特殊疑问词含义回答方式what什么回答具体内容why为什么答语多为原因且常用because引导特殊疑问词含义回答方式when什么时候答语用时间名词/短语或表时间的介词短

6、语where哪里答语用表示地点的介词短语who谁答语为身份或者职业how怎样回答用表示方式的介词短语或者感受的形容词【常考how词组】如下:特殊疑问词含义回答方式how many多少提问数量，后跟可数名词复数how much多少（钱）提问数量，后跟不可数名词的量；提问价格或程度how often多久一次提问频率how long多长时间提问持续的时间，答语用叶。什一段时间或since+过去的时间点”多长提问物体长度how far多远提问距离how soon多久提问将来的时间，答语用“in+一段时间”how old多大提问年龄how fast多快提问速度D.WhenD.How oftenD.How

7、 longD.How muchD.HowD.How manyD.WhyD.Howconnecting Xuzhou toii.练习题L- are you leaving for Shanghai?-Next week.A.WhatB.WhyC.How2 .- do I need to feed the pet dog?-Twice a day.A.How longB.How much C.How soon3 . have you talked with your friends on WeChat?-Since I finished my homework.A.How farB.How oft

8、en C.How soon4 .- is it from your home to school?-Its about ten minutes walk.A.How longB.How farC.How many5 .- do you usually share happiness with?-My parents and my best friend.A.WhoB. WhoseC.What6 .- can you read in English?-About 100 words a minute.A.How farB.How much C.How fast7 .- do you usuall

9、y go to school, Mary?By bike.A.WhenB.HowC.Where8 .- does she live?-She lives in the same neighborhood as me.A.WhatB. WhereC.Which9 .- will the project of high-speed railwayLianyungang be completed?-In about two years.A.How longB.How farC.How soon D.How often10 .- have hundreds of flights been cancel

10、ed at the airport?-Because of the rainstorms.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhereD.What11 .- does your brother do?一A bank clerk. He works in a bank near my home.A.WhereB.HowC.WhatD.Which12 . times have you visited Zibo?-Only once.A.How oftenB.How many C.How longD.How soonII.命题点2主谓一致与There be句型i.基础知识L考向一：主谓一致（1）语法一致原则

11、：所谓语法一致，就是句子主语和谓语在语法形式上必须保持一致。不定代词、不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；例：Nobody believes it.没有人相信它。To learn English well isnt easy.学好英语不容易。Reading is learning.读书就是学习。What he has said is very important for us all.他所说的对我们所有人都非常重要。The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为 32 人。a number of +可数名词复数作主语时，谓

12、语动词用复数;例：A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。and或bothand连接的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数;例：Both John and Mike have attended the meeting.约翰和迈克都参加了会议。a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of+名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语;例：Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语。例：Two thirds of the work has been finish

13、ed.三分之二的工作已经被完成。【注意】：不定代词none作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。例：None of them has/have read the book.他们中没有一个人读过这本书。（2）意义一致原则：所谓意义一致，就是概念一致，谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。集体名词（如：family/dass team/group/public等）作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语；例： His family is going to move to Beijing.他家将搬到北京去。（作为整体时，用单数）The whole family are watching TV.全家人正在看电视

14、。（侧重成员时，用复数）集合名词（如：people/police等）作主语时，谓语动词用复数；例： The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察们正在帮助一个女孩找她妈妈。the+姓氏名词复数，表示“一家”或“夫妇”作主语时，谓语动词用复数;例：The Blacks enjoy working in China.布莱克夫妇喜欢在中国工作。the+某些形容词，表示一类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数；例：The young are energetic.年轻人很有活力。and连接并列主语，表示同一个人或物时（即and后面无冠词）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；例： A famous writer and teacher is going to have a speech in our school.一位著名的作家兼老师将在我们学校举行一次演讲。表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数;例：Two pounds isnt so heavy.两磅没有这么重。Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个很长的假期。（3）就近原则：所谓就近原则，就是谓语动词形式不与主语一致，