表格模板-仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage2116REGSPART91,NTSB 精品.ppt

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1、INSTRUMENT RATING 14 CFR14 CFR Part 91NTSB Part 83014 CFR 91.3 Responsibility and Authority of Pilot in Command Directly Responsible and has the final authority as to the operation of an aircraft May deviate from a rule of this part to the extent required to meet an emergency Send a written report o

2、f that deviation to and upon request of the Administrator14 CFR 91.21 Portable Electronic Devices Not allowed to be operated while an aircraft is under IFR Not included in the list is: Portable voice recorders Hearing aids Heart pacemakers Electric shavers Any other device the operator has determine

3、d will not cause interference with navigation or communication systems of the aircraft14 CFR 91.103 Preflight Action: NW KRAFT (a) For a flight under IFR, pilot should know: N- Notams (all available info concerning flight) W- weather reports and forecasts K - known traffic delays R runway lengths A-

4、 alternatives available F -fuel requirements T Take Off/Landing Distance info, Section (b)14 CFR 91.109 Flight Instruction; Simulated Instrument Flight and Certain Flight Tests Section (b) No person may operate an aircraft in simulated instrument flight unless Safety pilot = private pilot rated in a

5、ircraft (Category/Class) Safety pilot has adequate vision forward and side Fully functioning dual controls14 CFR 91.113 Right-of-Way Rules: Except Water Operations Whether IFR (weather conditions permitting) or VFR, pilot in command is still responsible for “seeing and avoiding” When you can see out

6、side you must look outside- even on IFR flight plan!(This is why you need a safety pilot for simulated instrument flight)14 CFR 91.121 Altimeter Settings Below 18,000MSL Set to a station along route within 100 nm ATC periodically advises pilots of current altimeter setting At or above 18,000MSL 29.9

7、2 “Flight Levels” Lowest usable flight levels determined by atmospheric pressure to avoid overlap of MSL & pressure altitude if current altimeter setting is lower than 29.92 (see table in 91.121)14 CFR 91.123 Compliance with ATC Clearances and Instructions Deviation from clearancesemergency exists a

8、mended clearance obtainedresultant danger imminent Priority by ATC in an emergencyreport within 48 hours to manager of particular ATC facility if requested14 CFR 91.131 Operations in Class B Airspace Section (c) Communications and navigation equipment requirementsFor IFR operation, aircraft must be

9、equipped with an operable VOR or TACAN receiver For all operations, an operable 2 way radio Section (d) Transponder requirement14 CFR 91.135 Operations in Class A Airspace Must have IFR clearance 2 way radio Transponder ATC can approve continuation with failed transponder14 CFR 91.167 Fuel Requireme

10、nts for Flight in IFR Conditions:to first airport of intended landingto alternate airport (if required)45 minutes at normal cruising speed Alternate is NOT needed when:first airport has IAP AND1 - 2 - 3 rule forecast wx+/-1 hour ETA At least 2,000 ceilingAt least 3 SM visibility14 CFR 91.169 IFR Fli

11、ght Plan: Information Required Section (c) IFR alternate airport standard minimums600 ceiling / 2sm for precision800 ceiling / 2sm for nonprecisionat ETA at alternate forecast WX must allow descent from MEA to airport under basic VFR (check VFR minimums for all airspace you will transit!)WITH IAPNO

12、NO IAP:IAP:14 CFR 91.171 VOR Equipment Check for IFR Operations Within preceding 30 days VOT Ground/ Flight Checkpoint Airway check Dual system Place Amount of bearing error Date Signature Must be recorded in aircraft log or other record14 CFR 91.173 ATC Clearance and Flight Plan Required No person

13、may operate an aircraft in controlled airspace under IFR unless that person hasFiled an IFR flight plan, ANDReceived an appropriate ATC clearance14 CFR 91.175 Takeoff and Landing Under IFR Section (a) use Standard Instrument Approach Procedure (SIAP) in Part 97 Section (b) Authorized DH or MDA -Deci

14、sion Height -Minimum Descent Altitude14 CFR 91.175 Section (c) Operation Below DH or MDA At least one of following visual references: Runway, markings, lights Threshold, markings, lights Touchdown zone, markings, lights REIL Visual Approach Slope Indicator The approach light system, except that the

15、pilot may not descend below 100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation using the approach lights as a reference unless the red terminating bars or the red side row bars are also distinctly visible and identifiable. 14 CFR 91.175 Section (d) Flight Visibility (see part 1.1 definition) -Flight visibi

16、lity means the average forward horizontal distance, from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight, at which prominent unlighted objects may be seen and identified by day and prominent lighted objects may be seen and identified by night. 14 CFR 91.175 Section (e) Missed Approach -if requirements of (c) not met: -Flight visibility at least published minimums -Aircraft in position to make normal landing -Runway Environment in sight14 CFR 91.175 Section (f) Civil airport Takeoff minimums -Do not apply t