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1、形容词作后置定语的规律形容词作定语通常要位于所修饰的名词之前,但有时却要位于所修饰的名词之后。主要见于以下情况:(1)形容词短语作定语I know an actor suitable for the part.我认识一个适合扮演这个角色的演员。A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with. 一个如此难以取悦的人一定不好共事。(2)表语形容词作定语He spoke like a man afraid.他说话时像是很害怕似的。The house ablaze is next door to me.那家着火的房子就在我隔壁。(3)形容词
2、修饰不定代词I would like to have something interesting to read.我想找些有趣的东西来读。Anyone intelligent can do it.任何有头脑的人都能做这件事。在以下情况,用作定语的形容词可以后置,也可以前置:(1)以-able和-ible结尾的形容词:可置于前有最高级形容词或0nly等词的名词之后,如:That is the only solution possible.那是唯一可行的解决办法。Please put your idea into the simplest language possible.请用最简单的语言将你的
3、想法说出来。(2)某一成对的形容词Visitors, old and young, were delighted.不管老少,所有的参观者都很高兴。There was a huge cupboard, simple and beautiful.有一个大食橱,简朴而美观。(3)形容词enoughThere is time enough to take care of everything.有时间足以料理一切。We didn,t have time enough to finish the work.我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作the+adj.的语法特点1 .复数性“the+形容词”表示一类具
4、有某种特征或特性的人时,通常表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语要用复数。如:The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.富者愈富,贫者愈贫。The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架把受伤的人抬走了。The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。2 .单数性“the+形容词”若表示抽象概念,则表示单数意义,用作主语时,谓语要用单数。如:He doesnt know the right from the wrong.他不
5、辨是非。The unknown is always something to be feared.未知的东西总是一种令人害怕的东西。The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true. 美未必是善,善未必是真。3 .单复性有个别的“the+形容词”结构既表示单数意义,也表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如:the good指“好人”时表复数意义,指“善”时表单数意义;the accused指一名被告时表单数意义,指多名被告时表复数意义。比较:The accused was
6、 acquitted of the charge.被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)The accused were acquitted of the charge.被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)4 .习惯性(1)有的表达带有一定的习惯性,如“病人”习惯说成lhesick,而不说the ilo(2)这类结构习惯上不用于s所有格形式,若语义需要,可考虑用of所有格。如:正:He is interested in the problems of the poor.他对穷人的问题感兴趣。误: He is interested in the poor,s problems.“the+形容词”结构可以省去冠词吗t
7、he +形容词”这类结构中的定冠词通常不能省略,但是以下儿种情况是例外:1 .受数量词语修饰时省略定冠词即其中的形容词受到表示数量的词以及many, more等修饰时;定冠词通常省略。如:Many sick are well cared for in hospitals.许多病人在医院受到良好的照顾。There are more unemployed than ever before.现在失业的人比以往任何时候都多。2 .用于对称结构时省略定冠词即用and或or连接成对称结构时,通常省略定冠词。如:There are opportunities for both rich and poor.穷
8、人和富人都有机会。Good and bad alike admired the baseball heroes.不分好人和坏人,大家都钦佩那些棒球英雄。3 .用于并列结构时省略定冠词对于两个由and或or连接成的非对称结构,有时可将后面一个形容词前的定冠词省略(也可以不省略)。如:It was said that the hospital was full of the sick and (the) wounded.据说医院里挤满了 伤病员。We carried the dead and (the) wounded off the battlefield.我们把伤亡者抬出 T 战场。4 .个别
9、结构习惯上可省略冠词在现代英语中,有个别的“the+形容词”结构在单独使用时也可省略冠词。如:The number of unemployed is rising all the time.失业人数在不断 1 二升。多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序有时,一个名词前出现有多个形容词作定语,这时.,它们的顺序一般须根据它们与被修饰的中心词之间关系的密切程度而定。在通常情况下,它们的顺序为大致遵循以下原则:描绘形容词一大小(长短高低)形容词一形状形容词一年龄(新旧)形容词一颜色形容词一国籍形容词一材料形容词一用途(类别)形容词一名词I bought a nice(好看的)sma(小小的)round(圆形
10、的)new(新的)yellow(黄色的)French(法国产的)oak(橡木做的)writing desk(写字台).但是,以上情况并不绝对,例外的情况是常有的,况且以上规则也不好记。下面再介绍几条原则性的东西,供参考:1 .总体描述在前,具体描述在后;2 .主观描述在前,客观描述在后;3 .普遍性描述在前,特殊性描述在后;4 .音节少的词在前,首节多的词在后;5 .与所修饰的名词关系不紧密的在前,关系紧密的在后。注:有时,两个互补的形容词修饰同一个名词或代词,强调全部范围时,可用and / or连起来(如:old and young, long or short, male and fema
11、le)放在名词或代词的后面,并且名词与形容词之间常用逗号隔开。如:Visitors, old and young,were delighted.不管老少,所有的参观者都很高兴。定语形容词和表语形容词一般说来,形容词既可作定语又可作表语,但是,有些形容词只用于名词前作定语,它们被称为定语形容词,而另有一些形容词则只用作表语,它们被称为表语形容词。1 .常见的定语形容词有elder(年岁较大的),eldesl(最年长的),indoor (室内的),outdoor(室夕卜的),daily(每天的),everyday(每天的),weekly(每周的),monthly(每月的),yearly(每后的),
12、last(最后的),wooden(木制的),woolen(毛纺的)等。如:I like wooden furniture.我喜欢木制家具。School is an everyday event for most children.对大多数孩子来说,上学是每天都要做的事。2 .常见的表语形容词有afiraid(害怕的),alike(相同的),alive(活着的),alone(单独的),ashamed(羞愧的),asleep(睡着的),awake(醒着的),aware(意识到的),ill(有病的),we(身体健康的),glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sorry(难过的),conten
13、t(满意的),fond(喜欢的)等。如:Is the baby still asleep?这个婴儿还在睡觉吗?My family are all fond of going to the cinema.我全家都爱看电影。We are not content with the present achievements.我们不满足于目前的成就。注意:关于表语形容词和定语形容词的用法并不是绝对的,当它们表示的意思发生变化,其用法也可能随之变化,如ill表示“生病的”通常只用表语,但表示“坏的”时,却通常只用作定语。英语副词分类详解一、时间副词1 .常见的时间副词常见的时间副词有 now, then,
14、 soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, todaytomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。2 .时间副词在句中的位置(1)表确定时间的副词(如loday, yesterday等)通常位于句末,有时也位于句首:He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home.他昨天回家 了。而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句
15、首外,还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后):He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris.最近他去了巴黎。(2) still, already, just等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后):He,s just left for school.他刚刚去学校。I have already finished my work.我已经做完了 工作。当要表示强调时,still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前:She was still still was beautiful at the age of forty.她到了 40 岁仍然很美。I already have told him about it.我已经把情况告诉他了。sti若用于否定句,则总是位于助动词之前:I still don,t understand what you mean.我还是不明白你的意思。另外,still和already还可位于句末,表示惊奇:Are you on page