第二章烷烃.docx

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1、(1) 2-乙基-1-戊烯(2) 4-甲基环己烯(3) (Z) 4-甲基-3-滨-2-戊烯(4) (Z) 2, 4-二甲基-3己烯(5) (E) 3, 4-二甲基-5-乙基-3-庚烯(6) (Z) 2, 2, 5-三甲基-3-乙基-3-庚烯2.写出下列基团或化合物的结构式(1)丙烯基(2)烯丙基(3)异丙烯基(4)(顺)4-甲基-2戊烯(5)(反)3-甲基-4-澳-3-己烯(6) (Z) 3-甲基-4-异丙基-3-庚烯(7) (E) 1-氟2氯-1-澳3氯丙烯2.答案(4)H H CIH2CxzBrzc=cxClF(1) CH3CH=CH- (2) CH2=CHCH2- (3) CH2=C-c

2、h3 H3CH2Cx _ zCH2CH3 (6) H3Cx zCH2CH2CH3/CC、zCCH3C Br H3CH2C CH(CH3)23 .将下列化合物按指定性质从大到小排列(1)烯煌稳定性D CH3CH=CHCH3A CH3CH=CH2 B (CH3)2C=CHCH3 C CH2=CH2(2)碳正离子稳定性A CH3+ B CH3CH2CH2+ C CH3CHCH3 D CH2=CHCH2+ (CH3)3C+(3)与HBr反应的活性A CH3CH=CH2 B (CH3)2C=CHCH3 C CH2=CH2 D CH3CH=CHCH34 .答案(1) BDAC (2) DECBA (3)

3、BDAC5 .完成下列反应式(1) + HBr(2)(CH3)2C=CHCH3 + H20h2so4(4)H2O2OH-H3C.*H3 KMQ/OH-C-Cx H H(5) (CH3)3CCH=CH2 + HOBr1-(6)(8)(9)CH3CH=CH2 + Br2的 KMnO4H+03CH3CH=CHCH2CH=C(CH3)2 -CH3CH2CH=CH2 + NBS cci-(4)(顺)4-甲基-2戊烯(5)(反)3-甲基-4-澳-3-己烯(6) (Z) 3-甲基-4-异丙基-3-庚烯(7) (E) 1-氟2氯-1-澳3氯丙烯2.答案(4)H H CIH2CxzBrzc=cxClF(1) C

4、H3CH=CH- (2) CH2=CHCH2- (3) CH2=C-ch3 H3CH2Cx _ zCH2CH3 (6) H3Cx zCH2CH2CH3/CC、zCCH3C Br H3CH2C CH(CH3)23 .将下列化合物按指定性质从大到小排列(1)烯煌稳定性D CH3CH=CHCH3A CH3CH=CH2 B (CH3)2C=CHCH3 C CH2=CH2(2)碳正离子稳定性A CH3+ B CH3CH2CH2+ C CH3CHCH3 D CH2=CHCH2+ (CH3)3C+(3)与HBr反应的活性A CH3CH=CH2 B (CH3)2C=CHCH3 C CH2=CH2 D CH3C

5、H=CHCH34 .答案(1) BDAC (2) DECBA (3) BDAC5 .完成下列反应式(1) + HBr(2)(CH3)2C=CHCH3 + H20h2so4(4)H2O2OH-H3C.*H3 KMQ/OH-C-Cx H H(5) (CH3)3CCH=CH2 + HOBr1-(6)(8)(9)CH3CH=CH2 + Br2的 KMnO4H+03CH3CH=CHCH2CH=C(CH3)2 -CH3CH2CH=CH2 + NBS cci-(4)(顺)4-甲基-2戊烯(5)(反)3-甲基-4-澳-3-己烯(6) (Z) 3-甲基-4-异丙基-3-庚烯(7) (E) 1-氟2氯-1-澳3氯

6、丙烯2.答案(4)H H CIH2CxzBrzc=cxClF(1) CH3CH=CH- (2) CH2=CHCH2- (3) CH2=C-ch3 H3CH2Cx _ zCH2CH3 (6) H3Cx zCH2CH2CH3/CC、zCCH3C Br H3CH2C CH(CH3)23 .将下列化合物按指定性质从大到小排列(1)烯煌稳定性D CH3CH=CHCH3A CH3CH=CH2 B (CH3)2C=CHCH3 C CH2=CH2(2)碳正离子稳定性A CH3+ B CH3CH2CH2+ C CH3CHCH3 D CH2=CHCH2+ (CH3)3C+(3)与HBr反应的活性A CH3CH=C

7、H2 B (CH3)2C=CHCH3 C CH2=CH2 D CH3CH=CHCH34 .答案(1) BDAC (2) DECBA (3) BDAC5 .完成下列反应式(1) + HBr(2)(CH3)2C=CHCH3 + H20h2so4(4)H2O2OH-H3C.*H3 KMQ/OH-C-Cx H H(5) (CH3)3CCH=CH2 + HOBr1-(6)(8)(9)CH3CH=CH2 + Br2的 KMnO4H+03CH3CH=CHCH2CH=C(CH3)2 -CH3CH2CH=CH2 + NBS cci-(4)(顺)4-甲基-2戊烯(5)(反)3-甲基-4-澳-3-己烯(6) (Z)

8、 3-甲基-4-异丙基-3-庚烯(7) (E) 1-氟2氯-1-澳3氯丙烯2.答案(4)H H CIH2CxzBrzc=cxClF(1) CH3CH=CH- (2) CH2=CHCH2- (3) CH2=C-ch3 H3CH2Cx _ zCH2CH3 (6) H3Cx zCH2CH2CH3/CC、zCCH3C Br H3CH2C CH(CH3)23 .将下列化合物按指定性质从大到小排列(1)烯煌稳定性D CH3CH=CHCH3A CH3CH=CH2 B (CH3)2C=CHCH3 C CH2=CH2(2)碳正离子稳定性A CH3+ B CH3CH2CH2+ C CH3CHCH3 D CH2=C

9、HCH2+ (CH3)3C+(3)与HBr反应的活性A CH3CH=CH2 B (CH3)2C=CHCH3 C CH2=CH2 D CH3CH=CHCH34 .答案(1) BDAC (2) DECBA (3) BDAC5 .完成下列反应式(1) + HBr(2)(CH3)2C=CHCH3 + H20h2so4(4)H2O2OH-H3C.*H3 KMQ/OH-C-Cx H H(5) (CH3)3CCH=CH2 + HOBr1-(6)(8)(9)CH3CH=CH2 + Br2的 KMnO4H+03CH3CH=CHCH2CH=C(CH3)2 -CH3CH2CH=CH2 + NBS cci-(4)(顺

10、)4-甲基-2戊烯(5)(反)3-甲基-4-澳-3-己烯(6) (Z) 3-甲基-4-异丙基-3-庚烯(7) (E) 1-氟2氯-1-澳3氯丙烯2.答案(4)H H CIH2CxzBrzc=cxClF(1) CH3CH=CH- (2) CH2=CHCH2- (3) CH2=C-ch3 H3CH2Cx _ zCH2CH3 (6) H3Cx zCH2CH2CH3/CC、zCCH3C Br H3CH2C CH(CH3)23 .将下列化合物按指定性质从大到小排列(1)烯煌稳定性D CH3CH=CHCH3A CH3CH=CH2 B (CH3)2C=CHCH3 C CH2=CH2(2)碳正离子稳定性A C

11、H3+ B CH3CH2CH2+ C CH3CHCH3 D CH2=CHCH2+ (CH3)3C+(3)与HBr反应的活性A CH3CH=CH2 B (CH3)2C=CHCH3 C CH2=CH2 D CH3CH=CHCH34 .答案(1) BDAC (2) DECBA (3) BDAC5 .完成下列反应式(1) + HBr(2)(CH3)2C=CHCH3 + H20h2so4(4)H2O2OH-H3C.*H3 KMQ/OH-C-Cx H H(5) (CH3)3CCH=CH2 + HOBr1-(6)(8)(9)CH3CH=CH2 + Br2的 KMnO4H+03CH3CH=CHCH2CH=C(

12、CH3)2 -CH3CH2CH=CH2 + NBS cci-ZnH2O4.答案(5)o-CH3 (3) CHC-CH2CHBrCH3 (4) -COOH + CO2H3cx h(6) CH3CCNa CH3CC-CH3 zC=CH xCH3(8)-xOCH3kx/AxCOOCH3ClCH3-(-CH=CH2 + CH3-(j)=CH-CH2CICH3ch34.用化学方法区别下列各组化合物(1) ch3ch2ch2ch2ch3 ； CH3CH2CH=CHCH3 ； CH3CH2CH2(CH(2) CH3CC-CH2CH3 ； CHC-CH2CH2CH35 CH2=CH-CH=CHCH3(3) 丁

13、烷，1 丁烯，1 丁焕，1, 3丁二烯(1)CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 -ch3ch2ch=chch3ch30h2ch2cch -Cu2(NH3)2CIHCC-CH2CH2CH3(2)ch2=ch-ch=chch3一无变化一无变化Br2CCI4L+破红色沉淀砖红色沉淀一无变化+褪色Cu2(NH3)2CIO0(?Och3ccch2ch3丁烷1-丁焕,3-丁二烯1-丁烯Br2CCI4r -无变化+褪色- +褪色5.以乙快为唯一碳原合成下列化合物OII(1) CH3CH2-C-CH3H3C H/飞Ag(NH3)2NO3+白色沉淀Q一无变化 ch3ch2ch2ch2ohH Hix xc-cz h3ch2cz xch2ch3O00POr+白色沉淀-无变化.本题均为碳链增长的合成，可利用怏钠烷基化反应来实现，至于生成酮、醉、顺反式烯,则利用焕燃的化学性质来转化(1)HCCHH2Pd-BaSO4HCIch2=ch2 ch3ch2ciHCCH NaNHg HCCNaj-hccch2ch3H2OHg2,H2so4Och3ch2-c-ch3HCCHPd-BaSO4HCIch2=ch2 ch3ch2ciHCCH-n-n HCCNaj-hccch2ch3