初中英语培训资料：动词种类.docx

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1、切记：有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词。因此，我们要特别注意一词多义现象。 动词的种类分类总表：(更多更详细的内容请参考其他复习内容.)情态动词1只作情态动词使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to请你参考复习以前发放的资料2可作情态动词，也可作实义动词need/ dare3可作情态动词，也可作助动词shall/ should/ will/ would4勉强可作情态动词have to/ had better/ used to助动词1be形式变化：am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being同时是实义和系动词2d

2、o形式变化：does/ did同时是实义动词3have形式变化：has/ had/ having同时是实义动词4shall形式变化：should同时是情态动词5will形式变化：would同时是情态动词系动词1状态系动词be特别说明：这里列举的所有系动词本身都是实义动词。但它们表示的意思不同。请注意结合句意去理解判断。2表像系动词look / appear/ seem3感官系动词feel / smell/ sound/ taste4持续系动词keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ stay5变化系动词become / grow/ turn

3、/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run6终止系动词prove/ turn out实义动词1不及物动词（vi）本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。vi后面若要跟宾语，必须加上介词。有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。区别在于它所表示的含义有所不同。第2页有更多内容及物动词（vt）后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。vt后面可以直接跟宾语。2静态动词静态动词是表示静止状态的动词。一般不用于进行时态。A.表示存在、从属意义的动词。如：be（“是”）、have（“有”）、own, exist, live, belong toB.与五官感觉有关的动词如：hear, see, feel

4、, taste, smell及watch, notice, observe, find, catchC.表示心理状态或情感状态的动词believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; think; find; forget; hate; hope; imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; regret; suppose; understand; want; wishD.接度量衡名词的动词(+数词+单位)(这些动词的主语通常是物)weigh, cost,cover,last, take, extend, st

5、and, measure, number, total,carry, contain, seat动态动词动态动词是表示运动状态的动词。可用于进行时态。A延续性动词：表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。eat，listen，read，run，walk，work，write第3页有更多相关内容.B终止性动词：表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬时间完成结束。arrive; begin; break; bring; buy; catch; close; come; die; discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell; start; s

6、top; return; go; jumpC表示状态改变或位置转移的动词.arrive，change，come，die，go，land（着陆），leave3使役动词A.表示“使、令、让、叫”等意义的动词.如:make, have, let, get, keep第4页有更多相关内容.B.表示“使人，令人”的心理状态的动词。如：interest; excite; astonish; move; amuse; surprise(+ sb.)4表示动作的动词表示状态的动词表示结果的动词put on / wear/ be on;look at/ see;look for/ find;listen to/

7、 hear;study/learn;try to do/ manage to doprepare for/ be prepared for,advise/ persuade等。请大家注意积累.5A谓语动词在句子中作谓语的动词。注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化。B非谓语动词在句子中不是用作谓语的动词。变化形式：进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式。A不定式to do形式变化：to have done/ to have been done / to be doing/ not to doB动名词doing形式变化：not doing今后有专题复习有关内容.C现在分词doing形式变化：having done

8、/ having been done/ not doingnot having done/ not having been doneD过去分词done形式变化：not done相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分（重点内容）及物动词与不及物动词vi用法（1）主语+ vi(+状语)(不及物动词):ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; f

9、low; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim;act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, stand.(不及物动词短语): show up, break down, break o

10、ut, turn up, die away, die out, give out, run up, .vi用法（2）主语+vi+介词+宾语aim + atlook +atstare +atstay +atglance + atlaugh + atcontact +with sbdeal + withdisagree + withend + in/up withwait +fordepend + onoperate +onrely + oninsist + on doinglive +in/onbelong + to sbcome + to sbgo + tohappen +to sblie +

11、 to/inlisten + toobject +tooccur +torefer +torelate +toreply +toreturn +tostick +to sthgraduate+ fromsuffer +fromfail + insucceed +in doingfall +off/ ontostruggle + for/ againstvote +for/ againstcare + for/aboutapologize +to sb for doingargue + about sth with sbdie +in/ from/ of/talk +about sth/ to

12、sbthink +of/ about/ overcompete + in sth with sbagree +to/ with / onwork +on/ at/ in/forarrive + in/ at(要熟记它们的搭配。)vt与vi近义词对比listen to sbsound like sthhear sbarrive in/atget toreachbelong to sbown sthpossess sthlie in +be situated in +be located in +contact with sbtouch sbtalktellwork for sbserve sbr

13、eply toanswerappearshow sth to sbrise / go up / increaseraisesitseat sblook atsee/ watchsucceed in doingmanage sth/ to dobreak inbreak intogo outturn offlook forfindgive ingive upagree with sbpromise sbA既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如:begin 开始。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game.类似的还有：start

14、, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.B既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物动词时是升高；举起。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有：beat vi.(心脏)跳动/vt.敲、打;grow vi.生长/ vt.种植play vi.玩耍/ vt.打（牌、球）演奏smell vi.发出（气味）/ vt.嗅ring vi.（电话、铃）响/ vt.打电话speak vi.讲话/ vt.说（语言）hang vi.悬挂/ vt.绞死operate vi.动手术/ vt.操作run vi.跑步;褪色vt.经营C有的及物动词加上介词后，表示的意思不同。如：allow