人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions 单词讲义素材.docx

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1、Bookl Unit4 Words and expressions1 .disaster n .灾害；灾难 disastrous adj.灾难性的 自然灾害 natura disasters 空难 an air disaster / crash An earthquake hit / struck the city last night.灾区 disaster - hit / disaster - stricken areastornado / typhoon 龙卷风drought 干旱flood洪水landslide 滑坡tsunami 海啸hurricane 飓风volcanic erup

2、tion 火山爆发2. slide - slid - slid vt/viD （使）滑行/滑动ThekidSSlid _ Clownthegrassyslope.从草坡上滑下来2）（使）悄移到；（使）悄悄移动The thief slid / slipped into the room when we were sleeping.溜进He slid the money quickly into his pocket. : flood1） A great sense of relief flooded over him .他深感宽慰2） Memories of childhood came flo

3、oding back / in.童年的记忆涌上心头3） Telephone calls came flooding in from all over the country ,全国各地的电话像潮水般打 来.3. rescue / vt1）把某人从某地营救出来rescue sb fromShe was rescued from the burning house.2）救援；营救（来/去）营救某人come / go to one s rescue救援工人 rescue workers = rescuerIt was not long before they came to my rescue .他

4、们不久就来营救我了4. damage vt damaging adj 有害的1） vt.损坏；损害Don t damage your health for a good figure .My car was severely damaged, but luckily the children were not hurt.2） U 损害 / 坏；损失对 . .造成伤害 do / cause （ extensive ） damage to月盲损伤 brain damageMan has caused serious damage to his home over the years .严重伤害他的

5、家园5. destroy - destroyed - destroyed vt 摧毁；毁掉destruction n破坏，毁坏 destructive adj有破坏力的毁掉某人的信心 / 希望 destroy oe, S confidence / hopebe destroyed in the fireThe flood caused serious destruction to the village .区分：damage通常指部分性损坏；可修复的破坏；destroy指彻底的毁坏或毁灭，通常 不可修复6. evacuate vt / vi 疏散；撤离 evacuation .疏散；撤离Chi

6、ldren were evacuated from the building to escape the bombing .7. death .死；死亡 die (die-died-died-dyig) vi.vt.死亡 dead adj.死去的吓 / 无聊得要死 be frightened / bored to deathbe dying for sth极其想要某物 be dying to do sth极其想要做某事There are eleven deaths from the car crash.有 11 人死亡The sound of their laughter died away

7、. 逐渐消失When the applause died down , she began her speech . 逐渐平息8. affect vt. effect .影响，结果，效应；效果 affection n.喜爱 affectionate adj,慈爱的1) vt .影响(=influence )那些受到地震影响的人those affected by the earthquake2) vt to impress ; to move ( usually passive )She was affected by the story.深深打动拓展：对有影响hove an effect on

8、原因和结果cause and effect副作用 side effectcome into effect / take effect 开始生效9. shelter v / .1) C .避难所；躲避处为幸存者建避难所build shelter for survivors2) U 保护；庇护,掩蔽躲雨(take / find ) shelter from the rain3) v .保护,掩蔽；为.提供避难所the sheltered life of childhood lifeshelter sb / sth from 保护这个地区免受袭击 protect/shelter the area f

9、rom sand storms9. crack / v1) . This cup has a crack in it. 裂缝2) vt./ vi .(使)破裂 The boy failed to crack the walnut,没能砸开核桃10. ruin / vl)n.毁坏；废墟(常用复数)严重受损；破败不堪(be / lie ) in ruinsThe war between the two countries left the area in ruins (使这一地区破败不堪；leave )2) vt毁坏,破坏,糟蹋；使破产毁掉某人的健康/事业/前途/名声ruin one s heal

10、th / career / future / reputationWe visited the ruins of the Summer Palace last summer. It was ruined by foreign invaders . This mistake ruined his chances of getting a promotion11. shock v / shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的1) U 震惊；休克C 令人震惊的事情culture shock文化冲击处于震惊状态 in shock / in a state of shoc

11、k让某人非常震惊come as a shock (to sb )The news of his death came as a shock to us.(让我们大为震惊)2) vt使震惊,对感到震惊be shocked at令人震惊的消息shocking newsThe girl was too shocked to describe what had happened.12. trap v / 1) vt trap - trapped - trapped - trapping 使陷入困境；使中计 / 圈套被困在 be trapped in诱使某人做某事trap sb into doing s

12、thTrapped in a traffic jam , I was late for work. 遇至IJ堵车Some of the rescue workers were trapped in ruins. 被困在废墟中The children trapped in the burning were saved at last,被困在燃烧房子里的孩子们2) n.陷阱；圈套，诡计为设下圈套Set a trap for步入陷阱 fall / WaIkintOa trap13 bury - buried - burying vtD掩埋；埋葬双手掩面 bury one s face in one

13、s handsWe need to bury the dead bodies as soon as possible to stop the disease spreading.On hearing the news , she buried her face in hand (双手掩面)and cried .The volcano erupted and the lava poured down the mountains , burying several villages.2. bury oneself in ( doing ) sth / be buried in ( doing )

14、sth 专心做 Since he took over the project, he has been buried in his work.Burying himself in a book (专/D致志地看书)，he did, t notice me come in .14. breathe vt / vi / 呼吸 breath n.呼吸 breathless adj.气喘吁吁气喘吁吁 OUt of breath 深呼吸 take a deep breath 屏气 hold one s breath喘气 catch one S breathThe baby fell asleep , b

15、reathing deeply and evenly.He held his breath while the results were read out.Gasping for breath , she leaned against the door.15. revive vt. / vi .复活；苏醒 revival ,复苏；振兴 Tangshan began to revive itself and get up on its feet again .（重新站起来） World trade is showing signs of a revivalo The doctors tried in vain to revive him .16. effort n .努力effortless adj,不需努力的尽全力做某事 make every effort to do sth .不遗余力做某事spare no effort to do sth努力做某事 make an effort to do sth为 了做某事 in an effort / attempt to do sth .费力地/毫不费力with