专题10 短文（首字母）填空、语法填空与选词填空强化练30篇（期末真题精选）-2023-2024学年八年级上学期期末考点大串讲（牛津译林版）（解析版）.docx

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1、专题10短文（首字母）填空、语法填空与选词填空强化练30篇学校:姓名：班级:考号：选题说明：本专题精选期末经典考题，难度系数约04只适合尖子生期末培优使用。曜小技巧首字母填空是多数学生的噩梦，难度较大。是期末试卷中的区分题，所以做好此题，非常关键。一、几点建议：1 . 整体把握，避免盲人摸象。一定要通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解.通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，单独 几个单词不理解对文章大意理解影响不大。2 .复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词.运用构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义和词形3 . 反复推敲多琢磨，慎重答题多分析。分析成分，确定句子所缺成分，从而进一步确

2、定词性和词形。4 .认真复查很重要，关注整体和词形.要特别关注：名词：可数不可数，单数与复数。谓语动词的其五种形式：原形、三单、过去式、现在分词、过去分词，形容词和副词：先分形副，再定三级（原级，比较级，最高级）。代词甚至反身代词，连词，介词，数词量词等十大词类。非谓语动词：不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词。特别注意：千万不能好不容易填出了单词，而因形式失误失分。二、常用方法：1 .关键词法。准确找到关键词或符号。2 .揣测句意法。也可以称为结合语境法.3 .判断词性法。也可称为句子成分判断法。准确判断画横线要填的词在句子里做主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语，这样有利于保证所填的词的正确形式万无

3、一失。4 .推理法。结合上下文的意思及上下文的逻辑关系推理判断该填的单词的正确形式。5 . 固定搭配法。如 make sb. do sth.; SPendtimedoingSth 非常常用的一种方法，读完一句话明确觉得是某个词组的固定搭配的运用，这是首字母填空中难度 较小的一种题型。6 .句型法。首字母填空经常会考察学生固定搭配的熟练运用。实战训练(一)请根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。(每空一词)Many have heard of shark fin soup (鱼翅汤).This famous and expensive d 1 is especially

4、popular in southern China. But do you know that you,re killing a whole shark each t2 you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup?When people c 3 sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the sea. It is 1 4cutting off your arms and legs and then leaving you bleeding (流血)to death. This is

5、not only cruel (残忍)，but also harmful to the sea. W 5 a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain (链条)in the ocean,s ecosystem(生态系统).If their numbers d 6 too low, it will bring huge problems to all sea life. Many believe that sharks can never be endanger

6、ed as they are the strongest in their food chain. But the f 7 is that around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. A r 8 says the numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Some countries, like the US and the UK, have mad

7、e 19 to stop people buying and selling shark fins.No scientific studies show that shark fins are of value in making people healthy and strong. I 10 scientists say they can cause health problems, so why eat them? Help save the sharks!【答案】1. (d)ish 2. (t)ime 3. (c)atch 4. (l)ike 5. (W)ithout 6. (d)rop

8、 7. (f)act 8. (r)eport 9. (l)aws 10. (I)nstead【详解】本文主要讲了人们为了喝鱼翅汤，大量捕杀鲨鱼，导致鲨鱼数量下降，从而整个海洋生态系统处在危险 之中。作者呼吁人们禁止捕杀鲨鱼。1 .句意：这种著名而昂贵的菜在中国南方尤其流行。根据Many have heard of shark fin soup (鱼翅汤).”结合首 字母提示可知，空处表示“菜”，dish“菜”，是名词，空前有“this”修饰，空处使用单数形式。故填(d)ish。2 .句意：但你知道吗，每次享用一碗鱼翅汤，你都会杀死一整条鲨鱼？根据空前“each”及空后“youenjoyabow

9、lof SharkfInSOUP”及首字母提示可知，空处表示“次”。应用time,此处名词用单数形式，故填(t)ime。3 .句意：人们捕杀鲨鱼时，他们割下鲨鱼的鳍，把鲨鱼扔回海里。根据they cut OfftheirfinSandthroWtheSharkS back into the sea.”可知，空处表示“抓住。CatCh“抓住”，动词。空处句子为一般现在时，主语为复数，动词使用 原形。故填(C)atch。4 .句意:这就像割下你的胳膊和腿，然后让你流血致死。根据“When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw

10、the sharks back into the sea.“可知，空处表示“像一样“，应用介词like,故填ike。5 .句意：如果没有鳍，鲨鱼就不能再游泳，慢慢地就会死亡。根据a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies.” 结合首字母提示可知，空处表示“没有。WithOUt“没有”，是介词。故填(W)ithout。6 .句意：如果它们的数量下降得太低，将给所有海洋生物带来巨大的问题。cit will bring huge problems to all Sealife”及结合首字母提示可知，空处表示“下降”。空处句子时态为一般现在时，主语number

11、s为复数主语，谓 语动词使用原形，drop“下降”，动词。故填(d)rop。7 .句意：但事实是，每年约有7000万只鲨鱼在这个行业被捕获和交易。根据is that around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year.”及结合首字母提示可知，空处表示“事实，fact事实，是名词，根据 空后“is”可知，空处使用名词单数形式。故填act。8 .句意：一份报告称，在过去的20到30年里，某些种类的鲨鱼数量下降了 90%以上。根据“says the numbers of some kinds of sh

12、arks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.”及结合首字母提示可知，空处表示“报 告”，repor俨报告”，空前有不定冠词a修饰，空处使用名词单数形式。故填(r)eport。9 .句意：一些国家，如美国和英国，已经制定了法律来阻止人们买卖鱼翅。根据to stop people buying and selling SharkfInS.”及结合首字母提示可知，空处表示“法令”，应用名词IaW表示，表示泛指应用复数形式，故填aws。10 .句意:反而，科学家说鱼翅会导致健康问题，那为什么要吃鱼翅呢？根据“No sci

13、entific studies show that shark ns are of value in making people healthy and StrOng.及下文scientists say they can cause health ProbIems及结合首 字母提示可知，空处表示“反而”，应用副词instead“反而”，故填nstead。(二)根据首字母提示，补全短文中所缺单词。Maybe many of us like reading. But how many books do you read in a day? Caleb Green, a little boy f 1

14、1 the USA, read 100 books in a day at the age of 4.Caleb likes reading a lot. One day, he told his parents he d 12 to read 100 books in a day. They were very surprised b 13 that was too much for a 4-year-old child. So they a 14 him to read fewer books, but he wanted to have a try. Then they collecte

15、d 100 books and live- Streamed(在线直播)Caleb,s reading. Lots of people were i 15in the boy and watched him reading. Caleb did a little dance every time he finished 10 books.Caleb finished the reading marathon(马拉松)successfully. Everyone was h 16 for him. His father said, “After watching Caleb achieve hi

16、s goal(达成 目 标)，m P 17 to do the same. I will set(设定)some high goals for myself in the coming years. And then Caleb,s sisters and brothers also set high goals for t 18 They said Caleb was their e 19 They should Ieam fromEverything is P 20 if you put your heart into it.【答案】11 . (f)rom 12. (d)ecided 13. (b)ecause 14. (a)dvised 15. (interested 16. (h)appy