初中英语复习资料：形容词+副词精讲+精练+答案.docx

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1、1形容词的基本作用一、形容词的定义及位置形容词是用来描述或修饰名词或代词的一类词,用以说明人或事物的性质和特征。1.作定语一般放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。He lives in a beautiful house.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。There is nothing important in todays newspaper.今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。2.作表语,放在连系动词(be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,keep,turn,seem 等)之后。His idea sounds great.他的主意听起来很棒。3.作宾语补足语,

2、放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep,find等动词连用。They keep the classroom clean every day.他们每天保持教室干净。We find it important to learn English well.我们发现学好英语很重要。4.形容词的名词化有些形容词放在定冠词之后变成名词,表示一类人,常见的有:good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等The old should be taken good care of.老年人应该受到很好的照顾。2形容词词义辨析

3、中考主要在完形中考查形容词词义辨析。学生在做辨析题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各选项表达的意思，结合日常生活的常识及语境即可选出正确答案。如：After the football match, the players were very _ and tired.A. coolB. fullC. livelyD. thirsty方法点拨 第1步：分析四个选项均为形容词，在句中作表语；第2步：分析语境“在足球比赛之后，运动员是_和疲劳的。”cool平静的；full满的；lively有活力的；thirsty口渴的，渴望的。结合常识及句意可知运动员在足球比赛后又渴又累。故选D。近义词

4、词义辨析1.-ing形容词和-ed形容词-ing形容词-ed形容词例句surprising 令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的The story has a surprising end.He is surprised at the news.interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的There are many interesting places in Beijing.Im interested in what he said.exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的They jumped when they heard the exciting news.We

5、 are excited about the match.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快/满意的It is a pleasing trip.If you queue-jump,others will not be pleased.frightening令人恐惧的frightened感到恐惧的The girl cried because of the frightening story.He is frightened of the ghost.moving令人感动的moved受感动的It is a moving performance.We are moved by the

6、performance.tiring使人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的We had a very tiring trip last week.Im tired of so much homework.fascinating迷人的fascinated着迷的What a fascinating story!The children are fascinated by all the toys in the shop windows.特点:表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰事物特点:表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人,常用“sb+be+-ed形容词+介词”结构What an exci

7、ting film!We were very excited about the trip to Beijing.2.older和elder易混词用法例句older常用于表比较的句型中,意为“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。He is older than you.他比你年龄大。elder只用于比较一家人的年龄长幼,意为“年长的”。elder除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”He is my elder brother.他是我哥哥。He is an elder teacher.他是位资格老的老师。3.al

8、one 和lonely易混词用法例句alone强调独自一人,常用作表语。另外,alone也可用作副词,意思是“单独地,独自地”He lives alone.他一个人住。lonelylonely作表语时,表示“寂寞的”,含有强烈的感情色彩;作定语时含有“偏僻的”之意The man lived on a lonely island.那个男人住在一个偏僻的岛上。4.alive, lively和living易混词用法例句alive是表语形容词,既可指人,也可指物Was the snake alive or dead?这条蛇是活着还是死了?lively侧重指“活泼的,活跃的”,与“死板的”对应Thats

9、 a lively baby.那是一个活泼的婴儿。living是定语形容词,指“活着的”All the living things need food to grow.所有的生物都需要食物去生长。5.black和dark易混词用法例句blackblack的意思是“黑色(的)”,指颜色,其反义词是whiteThe doors are painted black.这些门被刷成了黑色。darkdark的意思是“昏暗的,黑暗的”,指无光This is a dark room.这是间黑暗的房间。6.sleepy,asleep和sleeping易混词用法例句sleepy意为“困倦的”,还没有睡着He fe

10、lt sleepy in class.他在课上感觉很困。asleep意为“睡着了的”,常用作表语He fell asleep in class.他在课上睡着了。sleeping意为“睡着了的”,常用作定语Look at the sleeping boy.看那个睡着了的男孩儿。7.dead和dying易混词用法例句dead指“死了的”His father has been dead for 3 years.他的父亲已经去世3年了。dying指“快死了的,奄奄一息的”The little dog is dying. Lets do something to help him.那只小狗快死了。让我们

11、做些事来帮帮他。中考形容词词义辨析的考查特点，4个选项全部都是形容词，但是会包含其中2个选项为反义词的特点，其中反义词是答案的可能性很大。本书罗列部分反义词，考生可多积累反义词的词义。good好的bad坏的glad高兴的 sad悲伤的quick快的 slow慢的hot热的 cool凉爽的easy简单的 hard困难的pleasant令人愉快的 unpleasant令人难过的polite 礼貌的 impolite无礼的comfortable 舒服的 uncomfortable 难受的high高的 low低的rich富有的 poor贫穷的happy高兴的 angry生气的short短的 long长

12、的same相同的 different不同的3形容词短语辨析形容词短语在单项填空中考查词义辨析，在词组翻译中考查词义及拼写。这就要求不仅要知道意思，还要能准确地写出来。以下为初中常见的形容词短语：1.about短语be worried about对担心be excited about因而激动be crazy about对疯狂/着迷2.with短语be busy with 忙于be popular with受欢迎be satisfied with对满意be angry with生的气be born with生来具有be strict with对严厉be full of/filled with充满b

13、e patient with对有耐心3.for短语be famous for/known for以而闻名be sorry for为感到可惜/抱歉be ready for为准备好be late for迟到be thirsty for渴望be/get ready for为做准备4.of 短语be proud of为而感到自豪be afraid of害怕be short of短缺be tired of厌烦5.at短语be amazed at对感到惊讶be good at擅长be surprised at对感到惊讶be mad at对感到生气中考试练1.John, this crossword is

14、too difficult for me. I cant work it out.You can go to Jackson for help. Hes very _. Im sure he can do it. A.braveB.seriousC.politeD.clever【答案】D【解析】句意:约翰,这个纵横字谜对我来说太难了。我解不出来。你可以找杰克逊帮忙。他非常聪明。我确信他能解出来。本题考查形容词词义辨析。A选项意为“勇敢的”;B选项意为“严肃的,严重的”;C选项意为“有礼貌的”;D选项意为“聪明的”。由句意可知本题选择D。2.Yummy!It is the _ Chinese-style cake that I have ever had.A.worseB.worstC.nicerD.nicest【答案】D【解析】句意:真好吃!它是我吃过的最好的中式蛋糕。本题考查形容词的比较等级。由题干中“that I have ever had”可知本空用形容词的最高级,由句意可知本题选择D。3.What _ news made them so down?Im worried about th