专题12新课学习必修第三册Unit2（语法学习&写作过关） （解析版）.docx

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1、第13讲 新课学习必修第三册Unit2 （语法学习&写作过关）目录 语法导航：学习语法知识写作导航：单元写作记忆12小试牛刀：词句精练+能力提升)1H动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词时态语态 否定式T注意事项作宾补路，表示指使意义的使役动词With复合结构中动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语U独立主格结构一、动词-ing形式作宾补1 .动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状 态。现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。When we returned, we found a stra

2、nger standing in front of the house.我们回来时，发现一个陌生人站在房子 前面。Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the WindoW.忽然我们听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。2 .能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。I felt somebody standing behind me.我觉得有人站在我后面。They observed

3、him entering the bank.他们看见他走进银行。On the bank of the river, we found him sitting on a bench, with his eyes fixed on a kite in the Sky.在河岸上，我 们发现他坐在长凳上，眼睛盯着天上的风筝。名师提醒在see, hear, feel, watch等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的 不定式作宾语补足语。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式时，表示动作经过从开 始到结束的全过程。I saw a boy getting o

4、n the bus.(表示动作正在进行)我看见一个男孩在上公共汽车。I saw a boy get on the bus.(表示动作完成了)我看见一个男孩上了公共汽车。(2)表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有make, let, have, set, keep, get, CatCh, leave等。We kept the fire burning all night Iong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。I won,t have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。(3)用于with复合结构中。With spring coming on, trees

5、 turn green.春天至U了, 树变绿了。同义句转换AS time passes by, we will have a better and better life.With time PaSSing by, we will have a better and better life.I saw that they were coming across the street.I saw them COmiilg across the street.(3)1 stood on the bridge and watched boats were coming and going.I stoo

6、d on the bridge and watched boats Coming and going.1 felt that someone was patting me on the shoulder.I felt SomeOlIe Patting me on the shoulder.I heard that Mary sang a song in the next room last night.I heard Mary Sing a Song in the next room last night.二、动词-ing形式作状语1 .动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、

7、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing 形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。动词-ing形式作状语 时，现在分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主谓关系。表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.After we have made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。(2)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Bei

8、ng ill, he didn,t go to school yesterday.Since he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天 没去上学。表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。His parents died, leaving him an orphan.His parents died and left him an OrPhan.他的父母死了， 留下他成了 孤儿。名师提醒动词-ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别：动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，有时可加thus表强调；动词不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其

9、前常加OnIy表强调。Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland.新建的小木屋排列在街道 两边，使这个古镇变成了梦境。The reporter hurried to the airport, only to be told the film stars had left.那个记者急匆匆赶到机场，却被告知 电影明星们已经离开了。表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.If you work

10、 hard at your lessons, you will SUCCeed.如果你努 力学习，就一定能成功。(5)表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。(6)表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.He lay

11、 on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。(7)作评注性状语有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态 度、观点等。如：generally SPeaking“一般来说，judging by/firom.“从 判断，taking everything into COnSideratiOn”从全盘考虑”。Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。同义句转换It rained

12、 heavily and it caused great damage.It rained heavily， CaUSing great damage.The boy sat in front of the farm house, and cut the branches.The boy sat in front of the farm house, CUtting the branches.(I)As he was ill, he couldn,t attend the meeting.Being ill, he couldn,t attend the meeting.JOhn watche

13、d curiously, and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.John watched curiously thinking that the Woman Seemed a Iittle crazy.(S)When she turned around, she saw a car driving up.Turning around, she saw a car driving up.2 .作状语时的注意事项(1)动词-ing形式的时态动词-ing形式作状语时，要注意其时间性，是用一般式(doing),还是用完成式(having do

14、ne)。当动词-ing形 式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式；当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发 生时，用完成式。Walking in the street, ImetanOldfriendOfmine.我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(Walking和谓语 动词met同时发生)Having Hnished the letter, he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了 出去。(having 自nished 是先发生的，went 是后发生的)(2)动词-ing形式的语态使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句

15、子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就 是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。(现在分词 的被动式)Having Hnished his homework, he went to bed.完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。(现在分词的主动式)动词-ing形式的否定式动词-ing形式的否定式为：not+动词-ing形式；not+having动词-ed形式Not knowing this, he didn,t Come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延 期了。3 .独立主格结构如果作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语不与句子主语一致，现在分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格 结构。Class being over, the children went home.一放学，孩子们就回家了。All audience having taken their seats, the play began.所有观众就座之后,戏剧开始了。