专题06新课学习必修第二册Unit4（语法学习&写作过关） （解析版）.docx

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1、第07讲 新课学习必修第三册UIlit4 （语法学习&写作过关）目录 语法导航：学习语法知识写作导航：学习单元写作12小试牛刀：基础精练+能力提升0过去分词（一）作定语和宾语补足语过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成；不规则动词的过去 分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，但不能单独 作谓语。一.过去分词作定语的用法（-）过去分词作定语的位置1. 一般情况下，单个 过去分词作前置定语， 即放在被修饰词之 前。注意：有时为了表示强 调，也可放在被修饰词 之后Otired visitorsa well-organi

2、sed tripbeautifully dressed starsThe disease was caused by polluted water.We finished the run in less than half the time allowed.He is one of those invited.2.过去分词短语作定 语时往往作后置定语， 即放在被修饰词之后。visitors tired of the long waita trip organised well by my workplacestars dressed beautifully at the eventThe ri

3、ver polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly.（二）过去分词作定语的时态和语态1.及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表 示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主 语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该 动作已经完成。过去分词作定语时，相当于定语从句。I don,t like the book written by Martin (=which was written by Martin).It is a house built by the Romans (= which was built by the Romans ). The problem, di

4、scussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday), has been solved.过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语， 相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充 说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与 主句隔开。They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack （=which is known as the Union Jack）.2.不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表 示完成，不表示被动。fallen leavesboiled waterthe developed countries注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语的

5、区别:现在分词作定语，和被修饰词构成主 动关系，且该动作正在进行，即表“主 动、进行 过去分词作定语，和被 修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经 完成，即表“被动、完成，The workers building the houses WOrk day and night. （workers 和 build 是主动关系）The houses built IaSt year are for the villagers . （houses 和 build 是被 动关系）二.过去分词作宾语补足语的用法及物动词+宾语+宾补”结构中，过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系。1.用于 feel,

6、find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think 等表示感 觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足 语。I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses.2.用于 get, have, make, keep, leave 等使 役动词后作宾语补足语。The speaker raised his voice but still could

7、n,t make himself heard.He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.They had castles built all around England.3.用于 WiSh, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面 作宾语补足语。The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible.The father wants his daughter taught Japanese.4.用于with复合结构中作宾语补足With the

8、work finished, he went out for a walk.语。The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.注意：过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别:过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与 宾语构成被动关系；现在分词doing 作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成主动I heard her Sirlging an English song when I passed by.I often heard the English song SUllg by young people at the party

9、.It was cold, and she had the fire buming day and night.I had my car repaired last week.关系。随堂小练单句语法填空l.Some of the people (invite)to the party can,t come.2 .The room is empty except for a bookshelf(stand)in one corner.3 .The trees (blow)down in the storm have been moved off the road.4 .You,d better

10、have your shoes (mend).5 .The father wants his daughter (teach)the piano.1.1 saw an old man (knock)down by a car.7 .d like the job (do)when I come back from the journey.8 .The speaker raised his voice but still couldn,t make himself(hear).9 .An old man was brought in, with his hands (tie)behind his

11、back.10 .With all the work (do), I feel very relaxed now.11 .Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it (perform)live is quite another.12 .The boy made the baby (laugh)by making a face at him.13 .She fell asleep with the light (burn).【答案】1.invited 2.standing 3.blown 4.mended5.taught6.

12、knocked7.done8.heard9.tiedl0.done11 .being performed 12. laugh 13 .burning介绍一个地方描述一个漂亮或者特殊的地方总体上属于介绍事物的说明文。它的要点内容可包括：地理位置、面积、 人口、气候状况、著名的地方以及与众不同之处等。时态应以现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。基本框架开头：介绍该地方的基本信息（位置，面积等）；主体：描述该地方的一些具体信息（著名的地方，与众不同之处）；结尾：作者对此地点的感受或总结陈述以吸引读者去旅游。常用词块1. .is/lies/is located/is SitUated+地点状语 某地位于2

13、. .is/lies + 数词+metres above sea level 某地海拔为3. .is surrounded by周围被环绕4. .be very/quite/extremely cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/sunny/rainy/mild.all the year round 某地气彳院终年寒 冷/炎热/温暖/干燥/潮湿/日光充足/多雨/温和.5. .is rich in., like/such as盛产/富于例如/像6. .is famous/well-known for以著名7. .has a （long）history of.有年的（悠久）历史8. .

14、dates/goes back to可追溯到常用语句精彩开头1. It is located/lies in., with an area of.2. It covers an area of., with a history of.3. ，located in.and covering an area of., is one of China,s most famous scenic spots.4. The history of.dates back to.5. It has become the most popular tourist attraction since.正文佳句1. T

15、here are many places of interest, such as.2. You can enjoy., which has a high reputation both at home and abroad.3. With., .isare attracting more and more tourists.4. An interesting feature of.is.5. With its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and beautiful scenery, .is one of China,s major tourist cities.6. A trip along.will enable you to get to know.余味结尾1. .is well worth visiting.2. .is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary view will make you unwilli