2023终极八篇第一篇原文+题目.docx

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1、FOR NEW truck drivers in Portland, Oregon, a $30,000 signing bonus. For new recruits in the army, a $50,000 bonus. Route closures for public buses from Texas to North Dakota. An end to automatic daily housekeeping at most Hilton and Marriott hotels. Offers by Amazon and Walmart to cover college tuit

2、ion for their employees.The thread that runs through all these snapshotsa tiny sample of such storiesis a remarkable imbalance between the need for workers and their availability in America today. The economy has surged beyond its pre-covid-19 level of GDR Companies in just about every industry, fro

3、m hospitality to finance, are desperate to hire people to keep up with demand. But the numbers willing to work for them are creeping down: America has about 3m fewer workers now than on the eve of the pandemic, a 2% contraction in the labour force.Those who have left the jobs market can be divided i

4、nto three broad groups: people in their prime working years whoz for various reasons, would rather be at home; older people who were heading towards retirement and have speeded up their departures; and immigrants, whose flow through legal channels has dried up.One factor explaining their reluctance

5、may be the surge in property prices and stocks, according to economists at the Federal Reserve7 s branch in St Louis. Those on the cusp of retirement with ample savings may now feel less of a need to punch the clock. There may also be a more troubling explanation. Older people have been hit harder b

6、y covidz and ill health, or the threat thereof could deter them from working, says Betsey Stevensonz an economist at the University of Michigan. Either wayz the longer older people stay out of work, the harder it will be for them to get back in.A decline in immigrants compounds that. For all the att

7、ention to illegal border crossings from Mexico, the bigger story is missing foreigners in America. There are about 2m fewer working-age immigrants than there would have been had pre-covid trends continued, according to Giovanni Peri and Reem Zaiour of the University of California, Davis. Roughly hal

8、f would probably have had university degrees, so their absence hurts high-skill and low-skill industries alike.Stillf the odds are that the job market will be a little calmer by the end of the year, thanks to a combination of slower economic growth, a fading pandemic and more prime-age Americans res

9、uming work. But the extreme tightness today will have offered a glimpse into the future as ageing depletes the pool of potential workers. Ms Wanamaker describes the prospect as a perpetual labour shortage . Getting by with less help will be the new normal.Ql : The author introduced his topic byA. Ci

10、ting some instancesB. Making a comparisonC. Justifying an assumptionD. Refuting a factQ2: The phrase “creeping down” (line 5, para 2) is closest in meaning toA. boastB. fluctuateC. boomD. DecreaseQ3 : The current contraction in labor force can partly be attributed toA. American7 s greedy for propert

11、y and stocksB. American7 s optimism about post-covid-19 economyC. Eldersz reluctance to endure hard workD. Senior citizens7 poor health conditionQ4: According to Giovanni Peri and Reem Zaiour; shrinkage in immigrants may.A. Aggravate the illegal border crossingB. Pose a threat to multiple industries

12、C. Stimulate the need for higher educationD. Boost the demand for skill trainingQ5: What can be learned from the last paragraph about the labour crisis in America?A. It will be solved in the long-runB. It will be tighter in the near futureC. It has been alleviated for nowD. It will face a rather bleak future