2024届复习作文专项读后续写谋篇布局讲义.docx

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1、读后续写第一部分谋篇布局第一章情节素描第一节“负一转一正”的情节轮廓“矛盾（负）”决定了故事的起点：有了矛盾，人们才需要克服艰难险阻，应对天天灾人祸； 有了冲突，人世间才会有悲欢离合。没有矛盾，就没有精彩的故事可说。读后续写本质上是一“故事续写”，也必然有矛盾。“转折（转）”决定了高潮：故事的转折是为了解决之前的矛盾，是之前积累的矛盾、冲突、 负面情绪的集中释放。续写中转折有可能是题目已经写明或者给出了线索和方向，也有可能需 要学生进行合理的想象，完整构建矛盾解决的过程。这个转折决定了故事高潮的展开。当然转 折后矛盾也有可能暂未解决，抑或有新的矛盾出现。“结局（正）”决定了故事的终点：“正能量

2、”的结局，文章主题应该是积极的，结局也应该 是积极的。虽然不能说悲剧的结尾就一定消极，但是在处理的难度上，“happy ending”要比“bad ending”更易于传播正能量，弘扬真善美。正向的结局决定了故事的终点。注意L正能量不等于皆大欢喜例L “监守自盗”文章讲述了银行职员Jack,因妻子出车祸急需要手术费，而利用职权之便盗窃银行的故事。 文章写到他成功抢走一大袋钱之后，出现了续写的两个段落的首句。Paragraph 1 ： After Jack had been gone from the bank for a while, the alarms began to ring.Para

3、graph?： But the most unlucky man was the manager of the bank, an old man.不难发现，所给文章和两个段落的首句，其实都没有提示“Jack会落网。但是我们需要 一个正能量的结局，所以JaCk不能逍遥法外。虽然设计结局让JaCk自首或者被捕，对于JaCk 和他妻子来说不一定是好事，因此，正能量的结局不等于皆大欢喜。注意2：结局不等于结尾除了正能量不等于皆大欢喜外，我们还要注意，故事的结局不等同于文章的结尾。故事的 结局是“矛盾被解决了”，但文章结尾往往需要我们回扣主题，并对主题进一步升华。例：“千斤顶”文章讲述了一次作者的车在半

4、路抛锚了，在路边求助了近三个小时无果，正打算放弃时一 个墨西哥家庭帮助了作者，作者硬塞给了他们20美元表达感谢。随后出现了续写的两个段落 的首句：Paragraph 1 ： When I was about to say godbye, the girl asked if d had lunch.Paragraph2: After they left, I got into my Jeep and opened the paper bag.根据续写段落的首句给出的线索可知故事讲述的是墨西哥家庭的善行，第二段故事的结局 应该描写纸袋中有作者给他们的20美元，以及作者的感激之情。所给材料开头交代了

5、故事背 景：During this past year, ve had three instances of car trouble. Each time these things happened, I was sick of te way most people hadn,t bothered to help.因此，在得到陌生人的帮助后应回扣“人们不愿意伸出援助之手”这个点，对主题进行 升华，进行结尾。比如：It was awesome to know that while many people tend to ignore those in need, there are some k

6、ind-hearted ones who got out of their way to lend a hand. They are a perfect example of what kindness really means. And m sure I will pay it forward.用“负.转.正”标记故事轮廓例1： “拍摄北极熊”One fall, my wife Elli and I had a single goal: to photograph polar bears. We were staying at a research camp outside “ the po

7、lar bear capital of the world “ 一 the town of ChurchilI in Manitoba, Canada.Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears 一 like all wild animals 一 should be photographed from a safe distance. When m face to face with a polar bear, I like it to be through a camera with a

8、telephoto lens. But sometimes, that is easier said than done. This was one of those times.As Elli and I cooked dinner, a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed, and smelled our garlic bread.The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fen

9、ce. He pulled and bit the wire. He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts. Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew. We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.

10、Not this polar bear though一 he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws（爪子）.I radioed the camp manager for help. He told me a helicopter was on its way, but it would be 30 minutesbefore it arrived. Making the best of this close encounter（相遇）,1 took some pictures of the bear. Ell

11、i and I feared the fence wouldn, t last through 30 more minutes of the bear, s punishment. The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray. The spray burns the bears eyes, but doesn, t hurt them. So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face. With an angry

12、roar（吼叫）,the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.Para LA few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp.Para 2.At that very moment, the helicopter arrived.所给文章提到作者和妻子EHi去加拿大拍摄北极熊。而后，北极熊袭击了他们的营地。由 续写第二段首句At that very moment,the helicopter arrived.,可知，“直升机的到来”就应该 是转折的开始。而故事的结局应该是正向的。前情提要我和妻子Ell

13、i去加拿大拍摄北极熊负一转T正+北极熊袭击了我们的营地直升机来了我们获救了例2：雪夜救妻The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.Mrs. Meredith wa

14、s a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was

15、 a man sick in bed, his wife, who look care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy his name was Bernard had interested her very much.T wish you could see him,“ she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. He is such ahelp to his mother. He wants very much

16、to earn some money, but I don,t see what he can do.”After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. 4I wish we could help him to earn money, said Clara. His family is suffering so much.,“So do IJSaid Harry. ctWe really should do something to assist them.”For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, uI ha