小学英语1-6年级基础知识总结.docx
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1、基础知识1.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU12个单元音:前元音:i:/e/中元音::后元音::u :双元音(8个).合口双元音(5个)ai ei au u i.集中双元音(3个) iu3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号语法知识一名词名词单复数,名词的格式(一)名词单复数1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-b
2、uses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-
3、people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1)有生命的东西的名词所有格:a)单数后加s如:Lucysrulermyfathersshirtb)以s结尾的复数名词后加如:hisfriendsbagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoesl并列名词中,如果把s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加sToms and Mi
4、kes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China二冠词不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an:an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event
5、/ an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane2.用法:定冠词的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.(4)在序数
6、词前:Johns birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. Its Su
7、nday.(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球类棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.*但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus三代词、形容词、副词代词:人称代词,物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)memy(我的
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