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1、宾语及从句宾语从句是初中英语中很重要的语法项目,是学生英语学习的重点更是教与学的难点。我们从初一就开始接触到了宾语从句,但有关宾语从句的知识很零散、很复杂,它不是独立存在的,而是与其他知识有很大的关联,因此很难通过几句话说明白。由于无法系统学习,因此它一直困扰着学生的学习和教师的教学。宾语从句知识涉及到词(助动词、疑问词、行为动词、引导词等)、多种时态、句子类型(肯定句、否定句、疑问句、语序、简单句、复合句)、同义句、被动语态等多方面知识的综合能力的考查。因此宾语从句更是中考试题中倍受青睐的考试内容,出现频率高、考点众多、分值大、题型多样。为了帮助同学们更好的掌握宾语从句,现将宾语从句的有关知
2、识进行全面总结,并通过口诀的形式帮助记忆。希望对于平时的学习尤其对于毕业班教师以及学生的中考复习起到一定的帮助作用,使学生能够快速、准确做题,达到事半功倍的效果。一、概念:宾语是由一个句子来充当,这个句子就称作宾语从句。Ithinkheisagoodstudent.二、可接宾语从句的动词有say、te11thinkknowseehearhopeguessfindfee1等,或由形容词构成的系表结构,如:afraid、sureg1adsorryIhopethatourteamwi11winthematch.1amsurethatIcanpasstheEng1ishexameasi1y.三、宾语从
3、句的标点符号。宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句,如果主句是陈述句,句尾用句号,如果主句是疑问句,句尾用问号。Idontknowwhathisnameis.Doyouknowwhichschoo1hestudiesin?四、引导词。1that(从句是肯定句时,引导词用that,它本身无词义,不充当成分,在口语中可省略,但在正式场合不可省。)2、if或Whether(从句是一般疑问句时用if或Whether,含义是“是否。)if、whether一般情况下可以互换,但在构成Whether.ornot句式只用Whether3、连接代词、连接副词(从句是特殊疑问句时用)连接代词(What、which、who
4、whose)连接副词(WherI、wherehow、why)五、宾语从句的同义句转换。在宾语从句中经常会出现疑问词+动词不定式的结构,它可与“疑问词+主语+情态动词+动词原形进行同义句转换。Canyoute11mehowIcangettotheStationPCanyoute11mehowtogettothestation?六、宾语从句的语序。宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序(即正常的主谓语序)HeSaysthatJimwi11missa1otof1essons.Heaskedwhetherweshou1dho1dasportsmeeting.Doyouknowwhatthepopu1ationo
5、fDa1ianis?七、宾语从句的时态。1、主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要选用任何时态。(从句中有明确的时间状语时应由时间状语来决定时态)HesaysthatheisgoodatEngIishHesaysthathehasbeeni11fortwodays1dontknowifhewi11cometomorrow2、主句是一般过去时,从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态。(即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等)HeaskedmewhereIIivedHesaidthatshehadbeeni11fortwodaysShesaidthatshewou1dreturnsoon3、当从句讲述的是客
6、观事实或真理时,从句时态不受主句的影响,都用一般现在时。Theteachersaid“1ighttrave1sfasterthansound,Hesaidthattheearthisround特例:1Cou1dyoute11me.委婉的语气,常按照一般现在时处理。Cou1dyoute11mewherethenearesthospita1is?2从句中有确切的时间状语时,则根据其时间状语决定从句时态。Hesaidhewasbornin1997.(注意不用过去完成时)八、宾语从句中的助动词。一般来说宾语从句中不再有助动词,即一般现在时的助动词do,does,一般过去时的助动词did就消失了。(但当
7、从句是否定句除外)。Doyou1ikespeakingEng1ish?Hewantstoknow.(改为宾语从句)Hewantstoknowifyou1ikespeakingEng1ish特例:Iwanttoknowwhyhedoesntgotoworkbybike.九、宾语从句中的动词变化。如果简单句变成了宾语从句,那么其谓语动词要相应的变化。常见的一般过去时的动词应用过去式;一般现在时的如果主语是第三人称单数的,动词要用单三形式,如果主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形;其他时态变成相应的时态的结构即可。Wheredoeshe1ive?Cou1dyoute11me(改为宾语从句)Cou1dy
8、oute11mewherehe1ives?十、宾语从句变否定句。如果主句的主语是第一人称I或We时,并且谓语动词多为think、guess、be1ieve等表示心理活动的词时,变否定句要否定转移,即否定主句。否则,变否定句看从句0Ithinkchickencanswim(变否定句)1dontthinkchickencanswimHesaidthathewou1dgoShOPPing(变否定句).Hesaidthathewou1dnotgoshopping十一、宾语从句变反意疑问句如果宾语从句的主句是第一人称I或We时,变反意疑问句时看从句。如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句。Ithinkheisa
9、goodstudent,isnthe?Theywanttoknowifheisagoodstudent,don/tthey?十二、简单句与复合句的转换Hefoundthathewasagoodstudent.(宾语从句)Hefoundhimagoodstudent.ABCDA主语B谓语C宾语D宾语补足语十三、宾语从句记忆口诀为了帮助同学们更好的掌握宾语从句,现将它以口诀的形式介绍给大家,希望给大家的学习带来轻松,容易记但不容易忘。宾语从句有特点,宾语家族成员添。部分动词和形短,后面常把从句连。标点符号很简单,看着主句语气变。引导词在从句前,三种情况好变换。肯定句中that现,同时不把成份担。疑
10、问if/whether选,有时Whether必见。特殊问句也不难,连接代副需判断。有种句式很普遍,常出同义句考咱。宾从主谓不能串,时态变换常有三。从句疑问d旁观,此时要把动词看。主句IWe心动谈,变否定往前面转,反意疑问看后边,除此情况正相反。以上总结很全面,希望大家记心间。一.单项填空1. Doyouknowduringthecomingsummerho1iday?A.whatwi11TomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwi11doD.whatTomdid2. Iwanttoknow.A.whatishisnameB.what,shisnameC.thathisnamei
11、sD.whathisnameis3. DoyouknowIcou1dpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which4. Jimdoesntunderstand.A. whichisthewaytothemuseumB. whyhiswifea1waysgoesshoppingC. whatisthewaytothemuseumD. whydoesshea1waysgoshopping5. Cou1dyoute11mesheis1ookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which6. Mr.Kingdidntknowyesterdayeven
12、ing.A. whendoeshissoncomehomeB. whenhissoncomeshomeC. whendidhissoncomehomeD. whenhissoncamehome7. Cou1dyoute11methebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend8. -1,mwaitingforthemai1.Doyouknowitwi11arrive?-Usua11yitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what9. -Excuseme,wou1dyou
13、p1easete11me?-Certain1y.Gostraighta1onghere.Itsnexttoahospita1.A. howwecangettothepostofficeB. howcanwegettothepostofficeC. howgettothepostofficeD. howcou1dwegettothepostoffice10. CanIhe1pyou?Yes.I,d1ikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoute11metaketogetthere?A.howsoonwi11itB.howsoonitwi11C.how1ongitwi11D.how1
14、ongwi11it11. Hewantedtoknow.A. whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB. whenthemeetingwou1dstartC. whathe,sgoingtodoatthemeetingD. wherewou1dthemeetingbehe1d12. -Cou1dyoute11metheBambooGarden?-Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwi11youvisitB.whenyouwi11visitC.whenwou1dyouvisitD.whenyouwou1dvisit13. Wou1dyoup1eas
15、ete11menext,MrWang?A.whatshou1dwedoB.weshou1ddowhatC.whatweshou1ddoD.shou1dwedowhat14. Youcan,timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited15. Iwanttoknowyouwi11comebackat8:00tomorrow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether16. Cou1dyoute11me?-Sorry,Idontknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.A. whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB. whatdidhesayatthemeetingC. whathesaysatthemeetingD. whathesaidatthemeeting17. Cou1dyoute11me1astnight?-Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.wh